Cyanogen fluoride
| Structural formula | ||||||||||
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| General | ||||||||||
| Surname | Cyanogen fluoride | |||||||||
| Molecular formula | CFN | |||||||||
| Brief description |
colorless gas |
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| properties | ||||||||||
| Molar mass | 45.02 g mol −1 | |||||||||
| Physical state |
gaseous |
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| density |
1.975 kg m −3 |
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| Melting point |
−82 ° C |
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| boiling point |
−46 ° C |
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| solubility |
almost insoluble in water |
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| safety instructions | ||||||||||
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| As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . | ||||||||||
Cyanogen fluoride is a chemical compound from the group of cyanogen halides or nitriles .
Extraction and presentation
Cyanogen fluoride can be obtained by pyrolysis of cyanuric fluoride at 1300 ° C under reduced pressure.
It can also be obtained by reacting silver (I) fluoride and cyanogen iodine . Another synthesis takes place through the reaction of tetracyanomethane with cesium fluoride .
properties
Cyanogen fluoride is a colorless gas that can be stored at −78 ° C. According to Antoine, the vapor pressure function results from log 10 (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 3.84021, B = 677.148 and C = −50.579 in the temperature range from 196.8 to 226.4 K. With a heat of formation of 35.8 kJ · mol −1 or 790 J · g −1 , it is an endothermic compound. It polymerizes to cyanuric fluoride at room temperature. In the presence of boron trifluoride or hydrogen fluoride , this reaction takes place very violently or explosively at −80 ° C. The pure gas is not sensitive to ignition sparks and other ignition sources. The mixtures with air explode more violently than the corresponding ethyne- air mixtures.
use
Cyanogen fluoride can be used in tear gas and for the synthesis of organic compounds.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Georg Brauer , with the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a. (Ed.): Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry . 3rd, revised edition. tape I . Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , pp. 227 .
- ↑ a b c d Dale L. Perry: Handbook of Inorganic Compounds, Second Edition . Taylor & Francis US, 2011, ISBN 1-4398-1462-7 , pp. 479 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b Wiberg, E .; Wiberg, N .; Holleman, AF : Inorganische Chemie , 103rd edition, 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin / Boston, ISBN 978-3-11-026932-1 , p. 1055, (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
- ↑ a b c d E. Gail, S. Gos, R. Kulzer, J. Lorösch, A. Rubo, M. Sauer, R. Kellens, J. Reddy, N. Steier, W. Hasenpusch: Inorganic Cyano Compounds , in : Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a08_159.pub3 .
- ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 101st edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9 , p. 874.
- ↑ Vernon Ellis Cosslett: Representation and properties of cyanogen fluoride. In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 201, 1931, p. 75, doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19312010108 .
- ↑ E. Mayer: Simple representation of cyanfluoride in Angew. Chem. 81 (1969) 627, doi : 10.1002 / anie.19690811614 .
- ↑ a b F.S. Fawcett, RD Lipscomb: Cyanogen Fluoride: Synthesis and Properties in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86 (1964) 2576-2479, doi : 10.1021 / ja01067a011 .
- ↑ a b c P.G. Urben; MJ Pitt: Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards . 8th edition, Vol. 1, Butterworth / Heinemann 2017, ISBN 978-0-08-100971-0 , p. 91.