Cyanogen iodide

Structural formula
General
Surname	Cyanogen iodide
other names	Cyanogen iodide
Molecular formula	ICN
Brief description	white solid with a pungent odor
External identifiers / databases
EC number	208-053-3
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.322
PubChem	10478
Wikidata	Q1184988
properties
Molar mass	152.92 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	2.84 (18 ° C)
Melting point	146.5 ° C (in the sealed pipe)
Vapor pressure	1.33 hPa (25.2 ° C)
solubility	soluble in water (35.6 g l −1 at 25 ° C); soluble in alcohol and ether;
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger
H and P phrases	H: 301-311-331-315-319-335
	P: 261-280-301 + 310-302 + 352-304 + 340-312-305 + 351 + 338
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	166.2 kJ / mol
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cyanide iodine is an inorganic chemical compound from the nitrile group . Systematically, cyanogen iodine is the nitrile of iodoformic acid .

Extraction and presentation

Cyanide iodine can be obtained by reacting hydrogen cyanide or sodium cyanide with iodine at 0 ° C.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {NaCN + I_ {2} \ longrightarrow ICN + NaI}}

The addition of chlorine to the reaction avoids converting half of the iodine used into alkali iodides.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ KCN + I_ {2} + Cl_ {2} \ longrightarrow 2 \ ICN + 2 \ KCl}}

properties

Cyanide iodine is a non-flammable, light-sensitive, moisture-sensitive white solid with a pungent odor that melts at 146.6 ° C. Sublimation is observed from 45 ° C. According to Antoine, the sublimation function results from log ₁₀ (P) = A− (B / (T + C)) (P in bar, T in K) with A = 7.78435, B = 3335.292 and C = 14.533 im Temperature range from 298.4 to 414.3 K. With a solubility of 35.6 g · l ⁻¹ at 25 ° C, the substance is relatively soluble in water. It decomposes gradually even at room temperature and more rapidly when heated. With acid catalysis, it tends to polymerize spontaneously . In the closed tube, from 150 ° C, it decomposes into dicyan and iodine.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {2 \ ICN \ longrightarrow (CN) _ {2} + I_ {2}}}

use

Iodine cyanide is used by taxidermists as a preservative . In organic synthesis it is used as a dealkylating agent of ternary amines and for the selective cleavage of peptides .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ entry to cyanogen iodide in the GESTIS database of IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 634.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-20.
↑ ^a ^b ^c E. Gail, S. Gos, R. Kulzer, J. Lorösch, A. Rubo, M. Sauer, R. Kellens, J. Reddy, N. Steier, W. Hasenpusch: Inorganic Cyano Compounds. In: Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a08_159.pub3 .
^ Stull, DR: Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Ind. Eng. Chem. 39 (1947) 517-540, doi : 10.1021 / ie50448a022
↑ Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens . William Andrew, 2011, ISBN 1-4377-7869-0 , pp. 807 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ entry to cyanogen iodide in the GESTIS database of IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .

[brauer-2] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u. a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 634.

[CRC90_5_20-3] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-20.

[Ullmann-4] E. Gail, S. Gos, R. Kulzer, J. Lorösch, A. Rubo, M. Sauer, R. Kellens, J. Reddy, N. Steier, W. Hasenpusch: Inorganic Cyano Compounds. In: Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie , Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a08_159.pub3 .

[Stull-5] Stull, DR: Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances. Organic and Inorganic Compounds in Ind. Eng. Chem. 39 (1947) 517-540, doi : 10.1021 / ie50448a022

[6] Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens . William Andrew, 2011, ISBN 1-4377-7869-0 , pp. 807 ( limited preview in Google Book search).