Chile strawberry
| Chile strawberry | ||||||||||||
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Chile strawberry ( Fragaria chiloensis ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Fragaria chiloensis | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Mill. |
The chile strawberry ( Fragaria chiloensis ) is a plant from the rose family . This type of strawberry is distributed in several subspecies on the North and South American Pacific coast and is one of the parent species of today's garden strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ).
description
The plant reaches a height of 5 to 20 centimeters. The leaf stalk is 2 to 20 centimeters long, the stem of the middle leaflet 1 to 10 millimeters long. The leaves are leathery. The blade of the middle leaflet is 10 to 60 millimeters long, obovate and rounded to truncated at the outer end with seven to eleven teeth, the middle one is rounded and blunt. The leaves are densely hairy on the underside, but glabrous on the upper side.
The bracts are unlapped. The flowers are usually 20 to 40 millimeters wide, the sepals 6 to 10 millimeters long, the petals 8 to 18 millimeters. The fruit is bare, the flower base is 10 to 20 millimeters long, the achenes 1.5 to 2 millimeters.
The number of chromosomes is 56, the species is octoploid .
distribution
Regardless of its name, the chile strawberry is widespread along large parts of the North and South American Pacific coast as well as disjointly in inland South America. Their distribution area extends on the one hand from Alaska to California and from Peru via Bolivia to southern Chile and Argentina. It is also found in Hawaii and the Juan Fernández Islands . It seems to be absent in Central America. The species colonizes beaches and grasslands at altitudes of up to 200 meters.
Systematics
The chile strawberry is the sister species of the scarlet strawberry ( Fragaria virginiana ), another octoploid American strawberry. Both species probably go back evolutionarily to a common octoploid ancestor. The relationship to the octoploid / decaploid species Fragaria iturupensis is currently unclear.
The species Fragaria chiloensis is commonly divided into four subspecies (ssp.):
- ssp. chiloensis
(L.) Mill. (South America)
- forma chiloensis , Chile, Peru, Ecuador; Already pre-Columbian cultivated form with whitish false fruits
- forma patagonica , Argentine, Chile; Form with red false fruits
- ssp. lucida (E. Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt , sandy beaches on the east coast of North America
- ssp. pacifica Staudt , east coast of North America
- ssp. sandwicensis (Decne) Staudt , Hawaii
Cultural history
In addition to the scarlet strawberry, the chile strawberry is one of the two parent species of the garden strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ). The two species develop natural hybrid forms in western North America. The strawberry, however, goes back to natural crossings in European gardens between 1714 and 1759.
The chile strawberry was brought to Europe from South America by the French naval officer Amédée François Frézier in 1714.
Common names
The common German names Chiloe strawberry and Chili strawberry are also known for the chile strawberry ( Fraisier du Chili in French ) . Since it was first cultivated in the area around Brest , it is also called "Brestling" in Swabia , for example .
Web links
proof
- ↑ a b James C. Hickman (Ed.): The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California . University of California Press, 1993. Online
- ↑ a b c d Daniel Potter, James J. Luby, Richard E. Harrison: Phylogenetic Relationships Among Species of Fragaria (Rosaceae) Inferred from Non-coding Nuclear and Chloroplast DNA Sequences In: Systematic Botany (2000), 25 (2): Pp. 337-348
- ↑ WL Wagner, DR Herbst, DH Lorence: Flora of the Hawaiian Islands Website , 2005, archive link ( Memento of the original from September 1, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Entry to type online
- ↑ Sue Porebski and Paul M. Catling: RAPD analysis of the relationship of North and South American subspecies of Fragaria chiloensis In: Canadian Journal of Botany, 1998, 76 (10), pp 1812-1817
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 153. ( online ).
