Fragaria iturupensis
| Fragaria iturupensis | ||||||||||||
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Fragaria iturupensis |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Fragaria iturupensis | ||||||||||||
| Staudt |
Fragaria iturupensis is a wild species from the genus of strawberries ( Fragaria ), which so far has only been found on a mountain slope on the Kuril island of Iturup . This species was first described in 1973 with an octoploid set of chromosomes. The specimens collected at the same location in 2003 later turned out to be decaploid . The degree of ploidy in both cases is unusual for a non-American wild species.
description
Fragaria iturupensis grows in a loose rosette. The plant reproduces vegetatively through sympodial runners , which remain unbranched in the axils of the first bracts. The runners are colored red and have hair on the tip.
The leaves are approximately oval to wedge-shaped, matt blue-green in color and only half-serrated. The upper side of the leaf is largely smooth and only occasionally covered with long hair, as is the veins on the underside of the leaf. The leaf stalks are densely hairy and have a slightly reddish tinge.
The inflorescences are tightly protruding in the lower part and hairy ascending and lying above; they do not protrude beyond the rosette during flowering, but then lengthen slightly. The two to four flowers are on hairy flower stalks . The chalice is after flowering horizontal to repulsed, maturity it is completely repulsed. The hermaphrodite flowers are 16 to 20 millimeters in diameter and consist of five white, obovate to rounded petals that do not overlap.
The fleshy false fruits that form from the flower base are round to flattened around with a diameter of around 1.4 centimeters when ripe. They are light to dark red on the outside and shiny with juicy, pale red flesh, the nuts protrude completely.
Cytology
An octoploid Fragaria iturupensis has (8x7 =) 56 chromosomes and is the only wild strawberry species with this degree of ploidy that occurs outside of the American continent ; the cultivars of the garden strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa ) cultivated worldwide are also octoploid. The decaploid genotype of Fragaria iturupensis has (10x7 =) 70 chromosomes.
distribution
The species is highly endemic; the only known occurrences are found on the Kuril island of Iturup at altitudes over 600 meters on the eastern slopes of the Atsonupuri volcano . The soils there are stony and sandy.
Botanical history and systematics
The first collections of the species were given to the German botanist Günter Staudt in 1968 , who first described them in 1973; the species epithet refers to the place of discovery. Staudt considered a relationship with the American octoploid species of the genus, but saw a need for further research. In a molecular genetic investigation from the year 2000, the species could not be taken into account because no investigable material was available. It was not until 2003 that an American team was able to find the stocks again.
proof
- Günter Staudt: Fragaria iturupensis, a new type of strawberry from East Asia. In: Willdenowia, Vol. 7, H. 1, 1973, pp. 101-104
- KE Hummer, A. Sabitov, T. Davis: Iturup And Sakhalin Island Strawberries. In: Hortscience 40 (4): 1127, 2005, abstract .