Frauenchiemsee Monastery

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View of the Frauenchiemsee monastery
Bell tower of the monastery church
Frauenkirchen Abbey after a copper engraving by Michael Wening from (1721)

The monastery Frauenchiemsee (also Frauenwörth is called) an abbey of Benedictine nuns on the island Frauenchiemsee in Bavaria in the diocese of Munich and Freising .

history

According to local tradition, the monastery was founded by Duke Tassilo III. founded by Bavaria and consecrated on September 1st, 782 together with the monastery church. This founding date has long been considered incorrect and too early in research, but now it is considered correct again according to historical and archaeological research. After Tassilo was deposed in 788, Frauenchiemsee was converted into a Carolingian imperial monastery. King Ludwig the German , who had ruled Bavaria since 826, appointed his daughter Irmingard as abbess around 857 . In the early 10th century, the monastery buildings were destroyed by fire, which, according to the internal tradition of the convent, happened during an attack by the Hungarians in 907. In the 11th century the monastery church was rebuilt in a three-aisled form and has largely been preserved in this state to this day; At about the same time, the remaining monastery buildings were also rebuilt. The pilgrimage to the grave of Abbess Irmingard, who has meanwhile been venerated as blessed , was financed . In 1062 Frauenchiemsee was transferred to the Archdiocese of Salzburg and lost its status as an imperial monastery; However, in 1077 this measure was reversed. It was not until 1201 that the monastery came permanently to Salzburg.

Around 1300 there was a serious fire, also archaeologically detectable, which made considerable renovations necessary; further fire incidents are documented in written sources for the years 1491 and 1572. The monastery buildings were completely rebuilt between 1721 and 1730; only the church and the gate hall remained. In the course of secularization in Bavaria , the monastery was dissolved in 1803, but the old convent continued to exist . Since there was no buyer for the monastery building, the nuns were allowed to stay. In 1836 the monastery was rebuilt by King Ludwig I of Bavaria with the condition that the Benedictine nuns opened schools. Since 1837 they have dedicated themselves to the education of girls, among other things, in the Irmengard high school with boarding school (until 1982) and (from 1983) in the Irmengard vocational school (formerly pre-seminar for social women's professions ), which they ran until 1995. After the abolition of the monastery, the gate hall served for some time as a school for the islanders, and in the second half of the 19th century as a studio for the Chiemsee painters .

Interior of the monastery church

buildings

The Church of the Sacrifice of the Virgin Mary is of Romanesque origin (11th century) and was built on the foundations of a single-nave previous building from the Carolingian era . The vaults of the church are from the Gothic period, the altar fittings from the Baroque period. The interior ribbed vault was drawn in from 1468 to 1476. From 1688 to 1702 the church was equipped with altarpieces that are still preserved today. In 1954, Romanesque frescoes were discovered on the high walls of the sanctuary. The free-standing bell tower to the northwest in front of the church, a landmark of the Chiemgau, probably dates from the 12th century.

The Carolingian vestibule that has been preserved was already part of the old monastery under Tassilo. On the upper floor there is a representative room that was originally lined with a precious stone floor imported from the Mediterranean area and served as the representative building of the monastery founder. The system could, for example, have been set up for jurisdiction by the Bavarian duke or one of his representatives. Connected to this room was a smaller adjoining room in which there was a chapel. There, in 1928, five incompletely preserved wall paintings of archangels were found under the wall plaster that was applied later , the creation of which is dated to the founding time of the monastery and whose artist had received suggestions from Byzantine art . The paintings were never completely finished, probably because Tassilo was deposed a few years after the monastery was founded and no financier could be found for the completion. The upper floor was probably a chapel of St. Michael from the High Middle Ages and underwent various renovations and alterations up to modern times. These were reversed when the building was researched in 1963 and a permanent exhibition was set up in the State Archaeological Collection . From the 11th century onwards, the first floor of the gate hall accommodated a chapel of St. Nicholas of Myra in the east area, in addition to the central passage to the monastery .

  • View of the gate hall

  • Passage of the gate hall

  • Upper floor of the gate hall as it is today

  • Wall painting of an archangel from the upper floor of the gate hall

In the convent buildings, only the new buildings from the 18th century are visible today; However, excavations could provide information about the location and approximate shape of the older systems. They were originally located on the north side of the minster, on the site of today's cemetery, and were probably moved to the south side in their current position in the 11th century.

List of heads

literature

  • Sigmund Benker, Peter von Bomhard: Frauenchiemsee Monastery Church (= Small Art Guide. Number 1176). 9th edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-4898-0 .
  • Walter Brugger , Manfred Weitlauf (ed.): Frauenchiemsee Monastery 782–2003. History, art, economy and culture of an old Bavarian Benedictine abbey. Weißenhorn 2003.
  • Hermann Dannheimer : Gate hall on Frauenchiemsee. History - Art - Guide to the exhibitions (= Great Art Guide. Volume 83). 3rd edition, Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1983, ISBN 3-7954-0818-0 (greatly expanded compared to the previous editions).
  • Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on the Fraueninsel in Chiemsee (= Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Philosophical-Historical Class. Treatises. New series, issue 126). Verlag der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 (comprehensive publication of the excavation results in the monastery including historical classification).
  • Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 .
  • Hanna Fahle OSB: The Benedictine Abbey Frauenwörth in the Chiemsee - origin and change. In: Old and Young Metten. Volume 72, Issue 1, 2005/2006, pp. 26–48.
  • Hanna Fahle OSB: History of the Frauenwörth Abbey from 782. Fink, Lindenberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-89870-517-2 .

Web links

Commons : Frauenchiemsee Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Dopsch : The history of the Frauenchiemsee Abbey as reflected in the written sources. In: Hermann Dannheimer : Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 171–212, here pp. 171–179.
  2. ↑ Heinz Dopsch: The history of the Frauenchiemsee Abbey as reflected in the written sources. In: Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 171–212, here pp. 196–200.
  3. ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , pp. 35-38.
  4. ↑ Heinz Dopsch: The history of the Frauenchiemsee Abbey as reflected in the written sources. In: Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Verlag der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 171–212, here pp. 201–207.
  5. ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , p. 38 f.
  6. ↑ Heinz Dopsch: The history of the Frauenchiemsee Abbey as reflected in the written sources. In: Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 171–212, here p. 211.
  7. ↑ On the use of the gate hall Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , p. 64.
  8. ↑ For the Carolingian predecessor church see Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , pp. 15-35; Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 10–41.
  9. ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , pp. 46-65; Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 70-104.
  10. ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , p. 44; on the local building findings Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Publishing house of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 63–70.
  11. ^ Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Duke Tassilo's monastery in Chiemsee. Abbey - Church - Gate Hall. Anton H. Konrad, Weißenhorn 2008, ISBN 978-3-87437-535-1 , pp. 10–15 and pp. 38–43; Hermann Dannheimer: Frauenwörth. Archaeological building blocks for the history of the monastery on Fraueninsel in the Chiemsee. Verlag der Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-7696-0121-1 , pp. 42–62 and pp. 105–153.

Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 18 ″  N , 12 ° 25 ′ 30 ″  E