Virgin Mary Sacrifice (Frauenchiemsee)
The Catholic Abbey and Curate Church of the Sacrifice of Mary on Fraueninsel in the municipality of Chiemsee in the Upper Bavarian district of Rosenheim was probably built in the late 11th or early 12th century over Carolingian foundations of the 9th century. The church of the Frauenwörth Benedictine convent has also served the islanders as a place of worship since the 14th century . The church, which is consecrated to Mary's temple passage , is one of the protected architectural monuments in Bavaria. In 1928 and 1961/62, Romanesque frescoes from around 1150 were discovered in the choir and uncovered again.
history
From the Carolingian predecessor building, fragments of wickerwork decorated choir screens have been preserved, as they are documented in other places for the period around 800. In the years 1468 to 1476, instead of the original flat wooden ceilings, Gothic star and ribbed vaults were built into the three naves of the Romanesque church building . The vault paintings carried out in 1606 in the central nave and in the choir were uncovered again in the course of restoration work between 1976 and 1980. Between 1688 and 1702 the late Gothic altars , with which the church had been equipped in the course of the Gothic remodeling, were replaced by today's baroque altars.
Exterior construction
A painted Gothic frieze runs under the roof of the main nave on the north side .
Bell tower
The free-standing bell tower was probably not originally part of the monastery complex. Presumably it was built in the second half of the 10th or 11th century as a defensive and escape tower, which is also indicated by the regular window hatches pointing to all sides. It was not until later that the tower was raised and turned into a bell tower. Its diameter of 8.80 meters and its fundamentally octagonal shape are unusual. The upper floors with their glare fields and ogival sound windows probably date from the late 13th or early 14th century. After several fires at the end of the 16th century, the tower was given its current onion dome, which was later renewed several times .
Vestibule and portal
A vestibule with a late Gothic star rib vault is attached to the north aisle, into which a Romanesque round arched portal made of reddish-gray sandstone is integrated. The portal is presumably composed of components from two portals and was perhaps only installed when the church was rebuilt in 1464. The garment with its ornamental ornate bases and fighters , and its standing on a lion's head columns with their faces capitals is dated to the 12th century. The lintel and tympanum, on the other hand, are early Romanesque and date from the 11th century. The bronze door puller in the shape of a lion's head is attributed to the late Carolingian era around 860/866.
portal
Warrior, capital and tympanum
Lion head and pillar
inner space
The interior presents itself as a transeptless basilica with a right-angled ambulatory . The three-aisled nave is divided into nine bays . The central nave and choir are covered by ribbed vaults that rest on bust consoles in the choir . The keystones are decorated with coats of arms, a Madonna and Child is also shown. The star vaults of the aisles rest on simple consoles.
Johanneskapelle and Irmengardkapelle
The two-storey choir apex chapel, divided on the outside by buttresses, was built in 1476. The upper chapel, the Johanneskapelle, which is only accessible from the monastery buildings, has retained its appearance from the late Gothic period. The lower chapel, the original Apostle's chapel, was changed in the Baroque style at the beginning of the 18th century. The ornamental vault paintings and the murals of Maria Immaculata and the four great church fathers were executed in 1702. The altar made by Matthias Piechlinger dates from the same time. The altar panel, perhaps by Melchior Steidl, represents the pouring out of the Holy Spirit .
Since her beatification in 1929, Irmgard von Chiemsee has been venerated in the chapel . At that time, her bones were reburied in a glass shrine in the substructure of the altar. Irmgard or Irmengard was the daughter of the East Franconian King Ludwig the German , who was the first abbess known by name to work in the Frauenchiemsee Monastery around 850 and died there in 866.
Maria pity chapel
On the north side of the ambulatory is the Maria-Mitleid-Chapel, which was consecrated in 1536. In 1688 the chapel was redesigned in Baroque style and in 1761 it was decorated with frescoes in the Rococo style by the painter Balthasar Furthner, who lives on the Fraueninsel . The central ceiling painting refers to the patronage of the church and depicts the passage to the Temple. The smaller scenes are dedicated to motifs from the life of Mary , such as the Immaculate Conception , St. Anne depicts Mary the Trinity, the Annunciation , the Visitation and the Assumption . One picture shows nuns and members of the Marian Brotherhood , founded in 1713 , who place themselves under the protection of Mary.
The four-column altar was created by Matthias Piechlinger in 1688. It has a structure with cartilage carving, the carved figure of a seated painful Mother of God in the central niche dates from around 1528.
Annunciation
Visitation of the Virgin Mary
Assumption Day
Medieval wall and vault paintings
In 1928 Romanesque paintings from around 1150 were discovered on the arches of the chancel and exposed again. Angels are depicted on the arch to the north ambulatory, with pairs of blue herons in between, drinking from vase-shaped vessels. At the arch to the southern ambulatory you can see pairs of white pigeons, surrounded by four-pass medallions, pecking at the trees of life . The female saint on a column in the southern chancel probably represents Elisabeth of Thuringia . The painting, which is dated to the middle of the 13th century, already points to the early Gothic .
The frescoes discovered in 1961/62, which also date from around 1150 and originally adorned the high wall of the chancel, are not freely accessible as they are now in the attic of the church.
Pairs of pigeons in quatrefoil medallions
Angels and blue herons drinking
Angels and blue herons drinking
Gallery pictures
A wooden gallery was added to the brick gallery in the western nave around 1600. Nine paintings from the same period have been inserted into its parapet. They represent from left to right: John the Baptist , St. Ursula , the Salzburg Bishop Virgil with a donor, St. Benedict of Nursia , a Madonna with child, St. Scholastica , St. George fighting the dragon, King David who plays the harp, and a prince with St. Lawrence .
Baptismal font
The late Gothic baptismal font was built around 1475. The base and bowl are made of red Ruhpolding marble . The eight-sided, pyramid-shaped wooden lid is marked with the year 1602. It bears the coat of arms of Abbess Sabina Preydorffer and is decorated with paintings depicting the Trinity and the seven sacraments . The late renaissance paintings were probably carried out by Gregor Hueber from Traunstein .
Wooden lid depicting the Trinity and the coat of arms of Abbess Sabina Preydorffer
Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick
Sacrament of ordination
Further equipment
- The pulpit was made in 1661/62. The body and sound cover are decorated with elaborate carvings.
- The large crucifix opposite the pulpit is dated around 1614. The Mater dolorosa , clad in a cloth cloak, dates from the 18th century.
- The pews in the late Renaissance and Rococo styles were created around 1655 and 1771, respectively.
- The eleven altars of the church still have their late Gothic canteens . The wooden carved baroque structures built between 1688 and 1702. On the altar sides are larger than life figures of St. Benedict, which authored by him monastic rule holds in his hand, and St. Scholastica with their attributes Äbtissinnenstab, book and dove.
Pulpit body
Main altar, Saint Benedict
Main altar, holy scholastica
Rococo style pew
organ
The richly carved organ front in the Rococo style dates from 1774. The present organ was installed in 1980 by Orgelbau Sandtner from Dillingen on the Danube . It has 19 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The disposition is:
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- Coupling : II / I, II / P, I / P
- Playing aids : Pleno
- Remarks: sliding drawer , mechanical game and stop action, game table embedded in cupboard
Tombs
In the vestibule, in the chapels and in the church there are numerous tombs, mostly made of red marble, from the period between the late 14th and mid-19th centuries. The tombstones and epitaphs are reminiscent of the abbesses, monastery judges and aristocratic families in the area. The relief of an epitaph dating from around 1525 shows the knight Hanns heart Haimer, surrounded by the arms of his family, Maximilian Armor dressed kneeling before a Madonna and Child.
Blessed Irmengard's tumba stands in front of the central pillar under the gallery . The red marble sarcophagus , which is surrounded on the outside by a painted wooden case, was commissioned by Abbess Magdalena Haidenbucher in 1641 after the grave was opened in 1631 and the bones of the blessed were raised. Since 1929 the bones of Irmengard have rested in the substructure of the altar in the lower choir apex chapel named after her.
Tumba of Blessed Irmengard
Portrait of the blessed Irmengard on her tumba
Abbess passage
In the years between 1726 and 1730 the so-called abbess aisle was added to the south aisle. Its name refers to the portraits of the abbesses, which were begun around 1600 under the abbess Sabina Preydorffer and which are affixed to the walls. In addition to nine panels with historical inscriptions, numerous grave slabs of abbesses are also kept here. A rare example of Romanesque panel painting is the cross painted on wood from the early 13th century, which was painted over in 1536.
literature
- Sigmund Benker, Peter von Bomhard: Church and Abbey Frauenwörth. Frauenchiemsee. Art Guide No. 1176, 13th edition, Verlag Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7954-4898-1 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Bayern IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria . 2nd edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-422-03010-7 , pp. 297-300.
Web links
- The minster on Fraueninsel Abbey of the Benedictine Sisters Frauenwörth in the Chiemsee (accessed on December 11, 2017)
- High grave, Irmengard altar, abbess passage and painted cross Abbey of the Benedictine nuns Frauenwörth in Chiemsee (accessed on December 11, 2017)
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments for Chiemsee (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, monument number D-1-87-123-14
- ↑ Die Selige Irmengard ( Memento of the original dated February 4, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Abbey of the Benedictine nuns Frauenwörth in the Chiemsee (accessed on December 11, 2017)
- ^ Taufstein Abbey of the Benedictine Sisters Frauenwörth in the Chiemsee (accessed on December 11, 2017)
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 47 ° 52 ′ 20 " N , 12 ° 25 ′ 32.2" E