Friedrich Heinrich Lüschen

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Friedrich Heinrich Lüschen (born on March 19, 1877 in Oldenburg; died on June 18, 1945 in Berlin ) was a German communications engineer, economic functionary and military economic leader at the time of National Socialism .

biography

Studies and career

After attending grammar school in Oldenburg in 1895, the rector's son Friedrich Lüschen entered the postal service as an apprentice , passed the post office secretary examination in 1898 and the advanced administrative examination for post and telegraphy in 1903. He studied mathematics and physics from 1904 at the École Professionelle Supérieure des Postes et des Télégraphes in Paris and in 1905 at the University of Berlin, and in 1911 he became a telegraph inspector. During the First World War Lüschen served as a stage telegraph inspector and after 1917 as a lieutenant, among other things with the staff of the army command in Turkey and Palestine .

After leaving the postal service, Lüschen started at Siemens & Halske (S&H) in 1920 as a senior engineer and took over the management of the laboratory for low-voltage cables, received power of attorney and in 1921 became head of the central laboratory for telecommunications technology. With his collaborator Karl Küpfmüller work Lüschen including the technical and theoretical foundations of AC - telegraphy . In 1929 he became a deputy member of the executive board of S&H and Siemens-Schuckert-Werke AG (SSW), at the beginning of 1930 he took over the management of the Siemens cable community, in 1933 he became a member of the executive board of Siemens-Wernerwerk and in 1941 deputy chairman of the executive board. From 1936 Lüschen was involved in various branches of the "Business Group Electrical Industry", which was set up to rationalize the industry.

World War II and death

On April 1, 1942, Lüschen became a member of the NSDAP and on December 15, 1942, at the age of 65, he joined the SS (SS no. 453001). In May 1942 he took over the management of the electrical industry business group and became one of the most important and powerful men in the armaments industry . In April 1940, S&H and SSW employed around 500 Jewish forced laborers in the Berlin plants , in October there were 1,300 and in September 1941 already 3,650. In that year, the Jews were deported and the number quickly decreased.

From the beginning of 1942, the director of the Wernerwerke, Gustav Leifer and Friedrich Lüschen, conducted negotiations with the head of the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt Oswald Pohl (from April 1942 SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS) and the Reich Aviation Ministry to replace the forced laborers the use of female concentration camp prisoners . For this purpose, in addition to the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp, male concentration camp prisoners built the appropriate barracks and furnished them by S&H.

On January 20, 1943 Lüschen was promoted to SS-Sturmbannführer and on January 30, 1944 to SS-Obersturmbannführer. From 1943 to 1945 he was President of the Central Association of Electrical Engineering and Electronics Industry ( ZVEI )

In February 1943, the last of the Jewish Siemens forced laborers were deported to Berlin and 270 female prisoners were already employed in the Ravensbrück concentration camp in the so-called Siemens camp Ravensbrück , guided by Siemens foremen, fitters and foremen. The supervisory staff was provided by the concentration camp commandant Fritz Suhren . A total of ten work barracks had been built for Siemens for originally 1,500 (later 3,000) women workers from the women's concentration camp. This made Siemens one of the first companies allowed to manufacture in the concentration camp with its own staff.

In 1943 Lüschen took over the management of the central office of the Wernerwerke, whereby the development, production and sales of the entire telecommunications technology were in his hands. In 1944 Albert Speer , Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production, appointed Lüschen as chairman of the “Main Electrical Engineering Committee” and his newly formed “Main Electrical Engineering Committee”. Lüschen thus had the right to issue instructions over the entire production and development of the electrical industry and the electrotechnical trade.

Lüschen died of suicide on June 18, 1945.

Awards

Publications

  • Measurements on unbalanced. Double telephone lines. In: Verhh. d. German physical. Ges. 13, 1911, pp. 1034-1046.
  • Via underwater telephone cables. In: Archiv f. Electrical engineering. 1, 1912, pp. 315-324.
  • Line replicas in d. Telephone u. Telegraph technology. In: Wiss. Publ. D. Siemens group. 2, 1922, pp. 401-421 (with K. Küpfmüller).
  • The training v. continuous sinusoidal oscillations in e. long homogeneous cable , ibid. 3, 1923, pp. 109-29 (with dems.);
  • Audio Frequency AC Telegraphy. In: Elektrotechn. Zs. 44, 1923, pp. 1-4, 28-31;
  • The multiple use d. Cables. Electrotechn. Zs. 51, 1930, pp. 140-48;
  • About d. Choice d. Carrier frequencies for audio frequency telegraphy. In: Electrical communications engineering. 4, 1927, pp. 165-174 (with K. Küpfmüller).
  • The development of d. Transmission technology for news service Lines, in: Jb. F. electr. Telecommunications. 1, 1937, pp. 1-44 (with K. Küpfmüller).
  • Imperial unity. Planning u. Steering v. Generation u. Market in d. Electrical engineering. In: Siemens-Mitt. 225, 1943/44, pp. 3-5.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bernhard Strebel: The Ravensbrück concentration camp . 1st edition. Ferdinand Schöningh, 2003, ISBN 3-506-70123-1 , p. 386 .
  2. ↑ Silke Schäfer: On the self-image of women in the concentration camp. The Ravensbrück camp. Berlin 2002 (dissertation TU Berlin), p. 67.
  3. ↑ President of the ZVEI on 100-years.zvei.org
personal data
SURNAME Lüschen, Friedrich Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German communications engineer
DATE OF BIRTH March 19, 1877
PLACE OF BIRTH Oldenburg
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1945
Place of death Berlin