Friedrich Pincus

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Friedrich Pincus (born on November 16, 1871 in Posen ; died on November 6, 1943 in the Theresienstadt ghetto ) was a German ophthalmologist , municipal ophthalmologist in Cologne and from 1913 until his license to practice medicine was withdrawn by the National Socialists in 1939, head doctor of the ophthalmology department Israelite Hospital in Cologne . After 1939 he was the only ophthalmologist who was licensed as a so-called “ medical practitioner ” for the Jewish population of Cologne . In July 1942 Friedrich Pincus was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto , where he died in November 1943.

Life

Friedrich Pincus was born as the third of four children to the Jewish merchant Ludwig Pincus from Poznan and his wife Auguste Golda, née Czapski. After graduating from school, he began studying medicine at the Friedrich Schiller University in Jena , where Siegfried Czapski , a relative of his mother, held a chair in physics . Friedrich Pincus received his doctorate in Jena in 1894 on the subject of the anatomical findings of two sympathetic eyes, including one with cysticercus intraccularis .

After completing his doctorate, he went to Cologne in 1896 and initially worked as an assistant doctor at the ophthalmic institute for the poor. In 1900 he took up the position as a municipal eye doctor. In addition to his professional activity, he published regularly in German and international journals, including the Zentralblatt für Praxis Augenheilkunde , the Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde , the International Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde , the Chemisches Zentralblatt , the Wiener Klinische Rundschau , the Zentralblatt für Innere Medizin , the Archives of Ophthalmology or the Lettura oftalmologica rivista mensile di oculistica pratica . His research results on diseases of the retina , inflammation of the optic nerve and optic nerve disorders after blood loss were included in the Brief Handbook of Ophthalmology published in 1930 . From 1912 he headed the eye department of the Israelite Hospital in Cologne. During the First World War , Pincus was employed as a station doctor at the Cölner military eye station and primarily treated eye injuries of soldiers at the front. The work On Visual Disorders and Blood Loss , published by him in 1919 , in which he summarized the research results of the last four years, is one of the much-cited basic works in this area today.

After the National Socialists came to power , the work opportunities for Jewish doctors were increasingly restricted. Friedrich Pincus worked with the support of his daughter Charlotte as one of the few ophthalmologists approved for Jewish patients in Cologne in the Israelite Asylum for the sick and the elderly and in his practice in his home at Hohenzollernring 77. In 1936 it was noted in the reports of the German Ophthalmological Society that the medical councilor Friedrich Pincus “voluntarily” resigned from the German Ophthalmic Society between 1934 and 1936. At the end of September 1938, like all Jewish doctors remaining in Germany, his license to practice medicine was revoked. From then on he was only allowed to work as a “medical practitioner” for Jewish patients as the only licensed ophthalmologist in Cologne. He had to sell his house on the Hohenzollernring in 1938. In June 1942, the Israelite Hospital was also released and the inmates deported to the Müngersdorf deportation camp .

Shortly before the deportation , Friedrich Pincus and his family were forced to move into a ghetto building on what was then Horst-Wessel-Platz (today Rathenauplatz), from where the Pincus couple were deported to Theresienstadt on July 27, 1942. Friedrich Pincus died in the Theresienstadt ghetto on November 6, 1943; three days later, on November 9, 1943, his body was cremated.

His wife Eugenie, daughter of the Jewish judiciary Salomon Rothschild from Trier , died, like his brother and sister-in-law, in the Theresienstadt ghetto. The couple's two children also did not survive the Holocaust . The daughter Charlotte (born 1906) was deported to Sobibor on June 15, 1942 , and murdered there. The son Ludwig Salomon (born 1909) received his doctorate in ophthalmology in Cologne in 1933 and emigrated to the Netherlands in 1934 . Here he first worked in Groningen and Schoonhoven . In 1940 he took over the practice of a colleague in Nieuwpoort . Ludwig Salomon Pincus committed suicide on May 15, 1940, five days after the Wehrmacht invaded the Netherlands.

Commemoration

Stumbling blocks for Dr. Friedrich, Eugenie and Charlotte Pincus in front of the former Lindenthalgürtel 11 residential building in Cologne-Lindenthal

In front of the former home of the Pincus family, three stumbling blocks for Friedrich, Eugenie and Charlotte were laid as part of the art and monument project by the artist Gunter Demnig . His son Ludwig Salomon was buried in the Bij de Waterschuur General Cemetery in Nieuwpoort. According to the inscription, "grateful patients" donated his gravestone.

Works by Friedrich Pincus (selection)

  • Anatomical findings of two sympathetic eyes, including one with cysticercus intraccularis , dissertation, 1894
  • A case of hemorrhage between the vitreous humor and the retina , 1898
  • A case of transitory lead amaurosis , 1901
  • Transitory Lead Amaurosis , 1901
  • Spontaneous healing of traumatic pulsating exophthalmos , 1907
  • Complete restoration of function after Apoplexia sanguinea retinae (Thrombosis venae centralis) , 1908
  • The Scientific Basis of Zeozone Therapy , 1913
  • Neuritis optici in neurofibromatosis , 1914
  • A contribution of the study of Endogenous Gonorrheal Coroneal Affections , 1914
  • Two cases of severe visual impairment after internal optochin use , 1916
  • Report of the 40th Assembly of the Ophthalmic Society , 1916
  • Effect of optochin on the eyesight , 1917
  • A case of bilateral tenonitis serosa acuta , 1918
  • On visual disturbances and blood loss , 1919
  • Lumbar tap in the treatment of blindness caused by methyl alcohol , 1920
  • Myopic adjustment of the pupil in emmetropia , 1923
  • Critical remarks on the work of Dr. Niederhoff and Dr. Rod over the eye protection product Corodenin , 1929
  • Over vetnecrose in de Orbita (Dutch), 1934
  • About the operation for superior oblique palsy , 1936

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara Becker-Jákli: The Jewish hospital in Cologne: the history of the Israelite asylum for the sick and the elderly from 1869 to 1945 . Emons, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89705-350-0 , p. 409 f .
  2. ↑ a b c Martin Rüther: Cologne in the Second World War: Everyday life and experiences between 1939 and 1945; Representations-Images-Sources . Emons, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-89705-407-8 , p. 191 .
  3. ↑ Friedrich Pincus: About visual disturbances and blood loss . In: Graefes Archive . tape 98 , 1919, pp. 152 .
  4. ↑ A. Wagenmann: Report on the fifty-first meeting of the German Ophthalmological Society in Heidelberg in 1936 . JF Bergmann, Munich 1936, p. 486 .
  5. ↑ Barbara Becker-Jákli: The Jewish hospital in Cologne: the history of the Israelite asylum for the sick and the elderly from 1869 to 1945 . Emons, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-89705-350-0 , p. 320 f .
  6. ↑ Monika Frank, Friedrich Moll (Ed.): Cologne Hospital Stories: In the Beginning was Napoleon ... Cologne City Museum, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-940042-00-5 , p. 562 .
  7. ↑ Dieter Corbach: 6:00 am from the Cologne-Deutz exhibition center: Deportations 1938–1945 = Departure 6:00 am at the Cologne-Deutz exhibition center: deportations 1938-1945 . Scriba, Cologne 1999, ISBN 3-921232-46-5 , p. 570 .
  8. ↑ Gedenkblatt Friedrich Pincus. Federal Archives, accessed on November 9, 2018 .
  9. ↑ German Ophthalmological Society (ed.): Visus und Vision - 150 years of DOG (commemorative publication for the 150th anniversary of the German Ophthalmic Society) . Biermann, Munich 2007, p. 52 .
  10. ^ Eugenie Pincus | Victim database. In: holocaust.cz. Retrieved November 9, 2018 (Czech).
  11. ↑ memorial sheet Eugenie Pincus. Federal Archives, accessed on November 9, 2018 .
  12. ↑ Charlotte Pincus memorial sheet. Federal Archives, accessed on November 9, 2018 .
  13. ↑ About Ludwig Salomon Pincus. Retrieved November 9, 2018 .
  14. ^ Nieuwpoort - Algemene Begraafplaats - count 13733 - Lodewijk Salomon Pincus. Retrieved November 9, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Pincus, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ophthalmologist
DATE OF BIRTH November 16, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Poses
DATE OF DEATH November 6, 1943
Place of death Theresienstadt ghetto