İBDA-C

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Logo of the İBDA-C

The İBDA-C ( Turkish İslami Büyük Doğu Akıncılar Cephesi , Front of the Fighters for the Islamic Great East ” ) is a Turkish militant Islamist organization founded in the early 1980s . She fights for the dissolution of the secular order in Turkey and the establishment of a Sunni state of the "Islamic Great East" with the center of Istanbul and the Sharia as the legal system . The group is classified by the German constitution protection as the most militant Islamist group in Turkey and the EU leads the organization on its list of terrorist organizations .

Emergence

The Istanbul law student Salih Mirzabeyoğlu   joined the student organization Akıncılar Derneği (“Protagonist”), founded in 1977 and which belonged to the Millî Selamet Partisi (MSP, “National Salvation Party”). The MSP was criticized by many Islamists as being too passive and probably around 1984 Mirzabeyoğlu founded the IBDA-C as an alternative and remained its leader until his arrest by the Turkish police in 1998. Nevertheless, the organization is not structured strictly hierarchically, but rather fragmented. Independently acting subgroups take the initiative and independently plan actions and attacks.

ideology

In contrast to other Islamist organizations, the İBDA-C combines elements of left and right-wing extremist as well as Islamist ideology . This led to partial cooperation with militant left-wing extremist groups such as the DHKP-C , and alliances with the PKK and its successor organizations are at least propagated. The appeal to Islam serves as a justification for the anti- Western struggle. The group is also classified as anti-Jewish and anti- Shiite .

The group follows the ideology of the Islamic Great East after the image of Necip Fazıl Kısakürek , the Islamic writer and publicist who died in 1983. It fights against the Turkish Republic, which has existed since 1923 and was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, with its principle of secularity . Its supporters come from both Islamist and Turkish national circles.

activities

Up until the mid-1990s, İBDA-C carried out attacks on individuals in major cities in western Turkey . The subsequent series of incendiary and explosive attacks from the second half of the 1990s were mainly directed at critical intellectuals and religious minorities, but rarely representatives of the police and the army or Western targets. There were also attacks on banks and state institutions that are associated with İBDA-C, but whose authorship has not been fully clarified. The activities are not limited to Turkey.

  • The group confessed to a December 30, 1994 bomb attack on a café in Istanbul, which was frequented by many intellectuals. The film critic Onat Kutlar and the archaeologist Yasemin Cebenoyan, who came from a Jewish family, were killed. In the same letter of responsibility , the IBDA-C also announced that it would continue to kill Jewish intellectuals. However, supporters of the PKK were later convicted of the attack.
  • In September 1995 the organization took responsibility for a bomb attack on Mathild Manukyan, owner of several brothels in Istanbul. Her driver, Necati Aktas, and her bodyguard , Mehmet Urhan, were killed in the attack.
  • In 1998, Mirzabeyoglu was arrested by Turkish security forces.
  • In October 1999, a businessman from a Turkish company who had arrived from Istanbul a few hours earlier in Kassel was kidnapped by eight İBDA-C activists. Before the businessman managed to escape the following day, a large ransom was demanded from the company.
  • At the end of January 2000, 63 captured members of the organization barricaded themselves in the prison to prevent Mirzabeyoglu from being transported to a court hearing. The barricades were set on fire, soldiers later stormed the prison and hours later regained control of the inmates. The prisoners were then transferred to other two-person prisons.
  • In April 2001, almost three years after his imprisonment, Mirzabeyoglu was sentenced to death by a court in Istanbul for “attempting to change the constitutional order of Turkey by force of arms”. However, his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in view of the country's intended EU accession. (In 2006, the death penalty was completely abolished in Turkey.)
  • In the same month an attack with a fragmentation hand grenade was carried out on the building of the Turkish Consulate General in Düsseldorf . According to reports from the Turkish daily Star in Offenbach , there was a caller who posed as a member of İBDA-C and claimed responsibility for the attack on behalf of the organization. The İBDA-C wanted to set an example against the condemnation of the leader of the organization. Further attacks were also announced.
  • In December 2001, six other senior members of the group were arrested by Turkish security forces.

In addition to al-Qaida , the organization had committed itself to the suicide bombings of November 15, 2003 on two synagogues in Istanbul, in which 22 people were killed and over 300 were injured, as well as to the attacks also in Istanbul and only five days later of November 20 on the British consulate and a branch of the HSBC bank, where at least 27 people were killed and over 450 injured. Investigations by the Turkish security authorities could not prove that İBDA-C actually participated in either of the attacks. It was doubted that the organization had the financial and logistical facilities for such actions.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d “Front of the Fighters for the Islamic Great East” (IBDA-C) . ( Memento from June 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) verassungsschutz-bw.de, September 15, 2006
  2. ↑ Decision (CFSP) 2019/1341 of the Council of 8 August 2019 updating the list of persons, associations and entities to which Articles 2, 3 and 4 of Common Position 2001/931 / CFSP on the application of specific measures to combat of terrorism apply, and to repeal Decision (CFSP) 2019/25
  3. ↑ The assassins in Istanbul were Turkish sympathizers of Al Qaeda . In: Die Welt , November 19, 2003
  4. ↑ a b c d Islami Büyük Dogu Akincilar-Cephesi . ( Memento from October 11, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Ministry of the Interior of North Rhine-Westphalia, September 15, 2006
  5. ^ The attacks on the synagogues in Istanbul and the role of the state and Hezbollah . haGalil , May 19, 2004
  6. ↑ The terror group İBDA-C . In: FAZ , November 16, 2003
  7. ↑ Terrorist attacks shake Istanbul on wsws.org, November 21, 2003
  8. ↑ Onat Kutlar's murder ( memento of January 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) on kurds.dk, February 27, 2003
  9. ^ Jury, judge and 'executioner' . ( Memento of October 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Amnesty International , 1997
  10. ↑ Istanbul: Prison uprising ended by force . In: Rheinische Post , January 25, 2000
  11. ↑ Istanbul rocked by double bombing . BBC , November 20, 2003