Górowo (Kolno)
Górowo (German: Bergenthal ) is a village in the Polish rural community of Kolno in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship with about 230 inhabitants.
geography
Górowo is located in the northeast of the Olsztyn Lake District on the southern edge of the administrative center of Kolno. There is a connection on the road (4 km) or by train via the Olsztyn ( Allenstein ) - Korsze ( Korschen ) railway line . The place is surrounded by heather and agricultural areas, only in the south is a smaller forest area. Górowo lies at an altitude of 168.5 m above sea level
history
The Teutonic Order founded a manor on the site of today's Górowo in 1379, which it gave to the diocese of Warmia as a fief. It was used for a long time to care for the staff of the Warmia bishops. After the secularization of the Teutonic Order in 1525, the estate came into secular hands and was owned by aristocratic families from the Warmia until almost the end of the 18th century. Since the Diocese of Warmia was under Polish sovereignty at that time, several of these families were of Polish origin and had names such as Gągławski, Opoczyński or Makowski. In between there were short periods of time in which the estate was owned by the Heiligenlinde monastery and the burgrave of Rößel Georg von Schedlin.
After the first Polish division , the estate came under the rule of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1772 , and it can be assumed that by this time at the latest the German place name Bergenthal had prevailed. As an administratively independent administrative unit, the Bergenthal manor district was assigned to the newly formed Rößel district in the course of a Prussian administrative reform with effect from February 1, 1818 .
A few years later, the Sarasin family took over Gut Bergenthal, which with its three farms now had 600 hectares of land and 38 residents. In 1873 Bergenthal was connected to the Thorn – Insterburg railway line , whereupon the number of residents increased to 214 within ten years. On July 9, 1874, due to a new district order, the district of Groß Kellen was formed (later renamed Groß Köllen), to which, in addition to the manor district of Bergenthal, two more manor districts and three rural communities belonged. The first head of office was the Bergenthal manor owner Adolph Saraffin (* 1832, † 1906). After 226 inhabitants had been counted in the Bergenthal manor district in 1910, the manor district was dissolved on September 30, 1928, and the rural community Bergenthal was reorganized with 267 (1933) inhabitants, merging with Klein Köllen. At that time, the manor ran a dairy and horse breeding program, among other things.
Due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty , the population in the Allenstein voting area , to which Bergenthal belonged, voted on July 11, 1920 on whether they would continue to belong to East Prussia (and thus to Germany) or join Poland. In Bergenthal, 160 residents voted to remain with East Prussia, Poland did not receive any votes.
The last German manor owner was Regnauld Sarasin (* 1905). After Bergenthal had been overrun by the Red Army in January 1945 at the end of the Second World War , he was arrested by the Red Army on his estate and transported to the Urals . He did not survive the transport. In 1945 Bergenthal was handed over to Polish administration and renamed Górowo.
Mansion
The origins of the Bergenthal manor house go back to the time of the Teutonic Order in the 14th or 15th century. In the 18th century, major renovations took place, which gave the building the shape that would last for the next few centuries. A one-story building with a high hip roof rises on a rectangular floor plan . The long sides are each provided with a two-story central projectile. Two side projections are added to the north front, which are extended to the front on the ground floor. They are crowned by a slightly curved gable. The central projections close with a parapet with a decorative cornice. A terrace with a double staircase is in front of the southern risalits. The park surrounding the manor house was redesigned in 1866 by the garden architect Johann Larass into a landscape park with avenues, groups of trees and trellises. After the Second World War, the management of a state estate moved into the former manor house. Although the house was renovated after the fall of communism in 1990, it was subsequently empty and fell into disrepair. In 2000, it and the park became private property.
literature
- Jackiewicz / Garniec: castles and manor houses in the former East Prussia . Studio Arta, Olsztyn 2001, ISBN 978-83-91-28403-2 , p. 144.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Herbert Marzian , Csaba Kenez : self-determination for East Germany. Documentation on the 50th anniversary of the East and West Prussian referendum on July 11, 1920. Editor: Göttinger Arbeitskreis , 1970, p. 107
Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ′ N , 20 ° 59 ′ E