Gargano purgers

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Gargano purgers
Gargano hummus (Thapsia garganica), illustration

Gargano hummus ( Thapsia garganica ), illustration

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Genre : Thapsia
Type : Gargano purgers
Scientific name
Thapsia garganica
L.

The Gargano purgatory umbel ( Thapsia garganica ) is a species of the genus Thapsia within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

description

Habitus

Vegetative characteristics

The Gargano-Purgierdolde is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 30 to 250 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are more or less bare. They are considered poisonous to some mammals. The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are two to four times feathery whorled part. The narrow leaf sections are linear with a length of 1 to 6 centimeters, rolled over at the edge, with entire margins or with one or two teeth.

Generative characteristics

The yellow, double-gold inflorescence is made up of 5 to 30 rays and cobs and usually has no shell or sheath.

The fruits are flat elliptical with a length of 12 to 30 millimeters, with 3 to 7 millimeters wide, deeply indented wings above and below.

The flowering period extends from April to July.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

Thapsia garganica occurs in the Mediterranean region of Tunisia , northern Algeria , northwestern Libya , the Balearic Islands , Sardinia , Sicily , Italy , Greece , Crete and in the western part of European and Asian Turkey . Thapsia garganica thrives on dry pastures, in olive groves and along roadsides.

Systematics

The first publication of Thapsia garganica was in 1767 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum. Generum Editionis vi et Specierum Editionis II , page 57.

Some authors have about two subspecies:

  • Thapsia garganica L. subsp. garganica : It occurs in Ibiza , Sardinia, Italy, Sicily and Greece.
  • Thapsia garganica subsp. messanensis (cast.) Brullo, Guglielmo, Pasta, Pavone & Salmeri : This endemic occurs only in Sicily.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 , p. 82.
  2. ↑ Thapsia garganica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  3. ↑ a b c d Ralf Hand, 2011: Apiaceae. : Datasheet Thapsia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  4. ↑ a b Thapsia garganica in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné : Mantissa Plantarum. Generum Editionis vi et Specierum Editionis ii , 1767, p. 57. scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
  6. ↑ Thapsia garganica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Web links

Commons : Gargano purgatory ( Thapsia garganica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

further reading

  • AJ Pujadas-Salva, L. Plaza-Arregui: Studies on Thapsia (Apiaceae) from north-western Africa: A forgotten and a new species. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 143, Issue 4, p. 433, doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2003.00233.x , (PDF) .
  • S. Castroviejo: Thapsia. , Pp. 401-410, In: Flora Iberica. Volume X: Araliaceae-Umbelliferae , Real Jardín Botánico, 2003, ISBN 84-00-08150-1 , (PDF) .
  • S. Iadjel, A. Zellagui, N. Gherraf: Reinvestigation of essential oil content of Thapsia garganica grown in the east of Algeria. In: Revue des Sciences fondamentales et appliquées , Volume 2, 2011, pp. 30–34. (PDF) .
  • Jan Osterkamp: The "carrot of death" is supposed to defeat cancer. In: Spektrum.de. June 28, 2012. online .
  • MG Cappai, G. Garau, S. Aboling et al .: Fatal poisoning of sheep from roots of Drias plants (Thapsia garganica L.): a seasonal risk associated with soil management practices in a Mediterranean area. In: Large Animal Rev. Volume 19, 2013, pp. 292-294.
  • C. Weitzel, N. Rønsted, K. Spalik, HT Simonsen: Resurrecting deadly carrots: Towards a revision of Thapsia (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analysis of nrITS sequences and chemical profiles. In: Bot. J. Linn. Soc. Volume 174, 2014, pp. 620–636, doi: 10.1111 / boj.12144 .
  • S. Siebenand: Oncology: The carrot of death. Oncology - The carrot of death. In: Pharmaceutical Newspaper Online. Edition 13, 2014. online .
  • TB Andersen, Karen Martinez-Swatson, SA Rasmussen et al .: Localization and in-vivo characterization of Thapsia garganica CYP76AE2 indicates a role in thapsigargin biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. , Volume 174, 2017, pp. 56–72, doi: 10.1104 / pp.16.00055 .
  • Karen Martinez-Swatson, Carmen Quiñonero-López, Madeleine Ernst, Nina Rønsted, Christopher James Barnes, Henrik Toft Simonsen: Thapsigargins and induced chemical defense in Thapsia garganica. In: Chemoecology. 2020, doi: 10.1007 / s00049-020-00315-3 .