Garmond of Picquigny

Garmond von Picquigny (also Warmund or Gormond ; † 1128 in Sidon ) was a French prelate and Latin patriarch of Jerusalem .

origin

He came from the noble family of the Lords of Picquigny in Picardy , was the son of another Garmond (Warmund) and his wife Adele, and a brother of Eustache de Picquigny, the first vidame of Amiens.

Patriarch of Jerusalem

After the death of the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Arnulf von Chocques in 1118, he was elected his successor. He maintained a close relationship with King Baldwin II of Jerusalem , who ruled from 1118 to 1131.

Beginning of the Knights Templar

Baldwin hands over the Temple of Solomon to Hugo von Payns and Gottfried von Saint-Omer .

Soon after the almost simultaneous assumption of office, a historically significant joint action took place. This was based on the initiative of the French knight Hugo von Payns (* around 1080, † 1136), who had come to the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1114 in the entourage of Hugo I, Count of Champagne (1093-1126).

He planned the establishment of a community of knights who lived according to the rules of a monk order - for example the rule of the Canon Regulars, which is attributed to Saint Augustine of Hippo - and who should be dedicated to protecting pilgrims from hostile attacks. Hugo von Payns and a like-minded comrade, the knight Gottfried von Saint-Omer, submitted this proposal to both Patriarch Garmond and King Baldwin II.

Since this project corresponded to the respective interests - improved safety of the pilgrims and strengthening of the spirituality of the knighthood - both agreed, so that on Christmas Day of the year 1119 Hugo von Payns and eight other knights, including Gottfried von Saint-Omer , Andreas von Montbard , Archibald of Saint-Aignan and Payen de Montdidier took vows of poverty, chastity and obedience before the Patriarch Garmond. They called themselves "The Poor Knighthood of Christ". The patriarch and the king provided them with some fiefs for maintenance, with King Baldwin leaving them living space in the royal palace of the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. They therefore expanded their name to "The Poor Knighthood of Christ and the Temple of Solomon". This was the starting point for the Order of the Templars , formalized at the Council of Troyes in 1129, which was to play an important role both in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and in Europe for 200 years.

"Concordat" with the King

The friendly relations between the Patriarch Garmond and King Baldwin II were further strengthened by the Council of Nablus in 1120. There a kind of concordat was made between the king and the Church of Outremer . In it, the king committed himself in a chapter to transferring the tithe of the royal lands in Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre to the patriarch . In another chapter he asked the Patriarch's forgiveness for withholding these taxes, and in a third the Patriarch granted him absolution for this practice.

In June 1120 he accompanied the royal army on a campaign to defend the Principality of Antioch against Ilghazi and took care of the safe custody of the Holy Cross carried to increase the morale of the troops .

Ruler of the kingdom

When Baldwin II was captured from 1123 to 1124, he organized the reign in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and appointed, for example, Eustach Garnier and, after his death, Wilhelm I von Bures as constable and Bailli of the empire.

Patriarch Garmond used his relationships with spiritual leaders to gain support for the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which was struggling militarily and economically to meet the ongoing threats. Between 1119 and 1125, for example, he and the prior of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher wrote a letter to Diego Gelmirez, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela , referring to crop failures and the constant threat from enemies, and asked him for food, money and military aid to maintain the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

During this time, at the turn of the year 1123/1124, he negotiated an alliance between the Kingdom and the Republic of Venice , the "Pactum Warmundi" named after him, and in 1124 was in command of the successful siege of Tire (1124).

Demise

He died in Sidon at the beginning of 1128 , and was succeeded by Stephan von La Ferté , abbot of the monastery of Saint-Jean-en-Vallée in Chartres .

literature

• Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. CH Beck, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-406-39960-6 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke: European family tables: family tables for the history of the European states. New series, volume XIII, published by JA Stargardt, Marburg 1990, plate 143.
2. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. 1995, p. 453.
3. ↑ Piers Paul Read: The Templars. Translation from English. Nikol Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86820-042-3 , pp. 101, 102.
4. ↑ Denys Pringle: The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Vol. 3, Cambridge University Press, New York 2007, p. 420.
5. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. 1995, p. 465.
6. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. 1995, p. 469.
7. ↑ Malcolm Barber, AK Bate: Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th-13th Centuries. Ashgate, Farnham (Surrey, England) et al. 2010, p. 43.
8. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. 1995, p. 474 ff.
9. ↑ See Steven Runciman: History of the Crusades. 1995, p. 482.

predecessor	Office	successor
Arnulf of Chocques	Patriarch of Jerusalem 1119–1128	Stephan from La Ferté