Banded river quiver fly
| Banded river quiver fly | ||||||||||
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Banded river quiver fly ( Rhyacophila fasciata ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Rhyacophila fasciata | ||||||||||
| Hagen , 1859 |
The banded river quiver fly ( Rhyacophila fasciata ) is an insect of the order of the caddis flies (Trichoptera). It was named Insect of the Year 2013.
features
The wings of the banded caddis fly reach a length of 10 to 14 millimeters, the wingspan is almost 30 millimeters. The body is about 10 millimeters long. During the resting phase, the wings are placed over the body like a gable roof. They are provided with an irregular gray-brown grid, and there are also three oblique, dark cross bars. The body is yellowish brown to yellowish gray in color.
The larvae are 20 to 25 millimeters long and are colored green with brown to yellowish sclerites with darker markings. The species can be distinguished from other species of the genus on the basis of the drawing, but the identification is uncertain. On the head of the larvae there is a dark triangular drawing, and on the sides there is a wide, dark longitudinal stripe. There are three short, strong pairs of legs on the thoracic segments. The second and third segments are membranous and, like the first eight abdominal segments, have laterally tuft-like gill filaments. The pusher is provided with two long side spurs.
distribution
The banded river quiver fly is common in Europe , with the exception of Ireland . The highest population density is reached in Central Europe .
biology
The females lay the eggs, which have been provided with a cement substance, individually in the cracks of wood or stones. The larvae hatched from the eggs live between stones and rubble in fast-flowing streams. The species prefers upper streams ( Epirhitral ), it is found less often in spring drains or in larger streams. It occurs both in the lowlands and in the low mountain ranges, but is more common here. It only lives in clean, organically unpolluted or only slightly polluted streams, its index value according to the saprobic system is 1.5, i.e. H. Main occurrence in water quality classes I and I-II. The larvae are predatory and feed on small aquatic insects. The two strong anal feet hold the larvae in the current on the substrate. In addition, the larva spins a security thread from a spinning gland on the mouth parts, which is stuck to large stones. The larvae go through five larval stages and are ready to pupate in spring. For pupation , the larvae make a solid dome from stones up to ten millimeters in size on a large stone. It has an oval floor plan, is around 20 millimeters high and up to 30 millimeters long. Inside this dome, the larva spins a firm brown cocoon and pupates in it. The cocoon wall is semi-permeable , the osmotic pressure in it is higher than in the surrounding water, so that the cocoon always remains taut due to the inflowing water. In addition to the prey for the larvae that is only available in a clean environment, the water-permeable cocoon is the reason for the sensitivity to environmental toxins.
The puppet rest lasts about 14 days. The sexes find each other with the help of the pheromones released by the female , which the male perceives through his antennae.
Systematics
The following subspecies are known from the literature:
- Ryacophila fasciata denticula McLachlan , 1879. Endemic to the Iberian Peninsula ( Spain and Portugal )
- Ryacophila fasciata fasciata Hagen , 1859. Widespread in Europe. Missing in Ireland
- Ryacophila fasciata kykladica Malicky & Sipahiler , 1993. Endemic to the Balkan Peninsula
- Rhyacophila fasciata aliena Martynov , 1916. Central Asia ( Azerbaijan , Iran )
- Rhyacophila fasciata libanica Malicky & Sipaphiler , 1993. Lebanon
- Rhyacophila fasciata mysica Malicky & Sipaphiler , 1993. Turkey
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c Board of Trustees Insect of the Year (ed.) (2012): The Banded River Quiver Fly Ryacophila fasciata. Insect of the year 2013. Leaflet of the Board of Trustees Insect of the Year. PDF ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Thomas Pitsch (1993): On the larval taxonomy, fauna and ecology of Central European flowing water caddis flies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Landscape development and environmental research, special issue S8.
- ↑ U. Schmedtje; M. Colling, M. (1996): Ecological typing of the aquatic macrofauna. Information reports of the Bavarian State Office for Water Management 4/96, 543 pp.
- ↑ DEV (German Institute for Standardization eV) (2003): Biological-ecological water quality investigation: Determination of the saprobic index (revised version). German standard procedures for water, waste water and sludge analysis. Biological-ecological investigation of water bodies (group M). Berlin.
- ^ Wilfried Wichard, Hans-Heinrich Schmidt, Rüdiger Wagner (1993): The semipermeability of the pupal cocoon of Rhyacophila (Trichoptera: Spicipalpia). Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Trichoptera. Pages 25–27.
- ^ Christer Löfstedt, Bill S. Hansson, Erik Petersson, Peter Valeur, Andrew Richards (1994): Pheromonal secretions from glands on the 5th abdominal sternite of hydropsychid and rhyacophilid caddisflies (Trichoptera). Journal of Chemical Ecology Volume 20 (1): pp. 153-170, doi: 10.1007 / BF02065998 .
- ↑ Rhyacophila fasciata in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 13, 2012
- ↑ Trichoptera World Checklist ( Memento of the original from June 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
