Stara Gradiška prison

Stara Gradiška Prison (2007)

The Stara Gradiška prison was a prison and penitentiary in the city of the same name in Croatia . The prison on the Sava and its successor and predecessor institutions existed from 1799 to 1993.

history

The prison was built in 1799 during the Habsburg Monarchy .

Stara Gradiška fortress on the Sava (1750)

During the Second World War , the prison was used by the fascist Ustasha regime as the Stara Gradiška concentration camp and was part of the Jasenovac concentration camp complex .

The prison during use as a concentration camp (1942)

After the war, the prison was used by the communist regime of Yugoslavia and was also used for the incarceration of political prisoners from 1945 until the late 1980s , especially after the end of the Croatian Spring .

The penal institution was closed in 1990 by the newly independent Republic of Croatia , officially ordered for February 1991.

During the Croatian and Bosnian Wars , the prison was reopened by the Republic of Serbian Krajina , an internationally unrecognized de facto regime that controlled about a third of Croatian territory from 1991 to 1995 . From October 1991 to July 1993 the prison was operated by Serbian forces as an internment camp , mainly to detain Croats from Croatia and Bosnia.

The Stara Gradiška Municipality plans to set up a prison museum. The Catholic Church in Croatia is planning to build a memorial church on the site.

Known political prisoners

Period of communist Yugoslavia

Lovro von Matačić (1899–1985), conductor and composer
Ćiril Kos (1919–2003), Roman Catholic bishop
Vlado Gotovac (1930–2000), dissident, poet and politician
Stjepan Mesić (* 1934), last Yugoslav President and former Croatian President
Marko Veselica (1936–2017), Yugoslav dissident and Croatian politician
Ante Bruno Bušić (1939–1978), prominent opponent of Yugoslavia

gallery

Memorial plaque and wreath at the former main entrance
Former main entrance
Corridor door in the cell block
Cell with bed frames
Walls in the cell block
At the main entrance
Cell block
Prison library
building
Prison yard
Prison factory
View from a watchtower onto the outer wall

literature

Vlado Radošić: Pakao srpskog logora: Stara Gradiška, 1992. godine . Ed .: Udruga hrvatskih branitelja Domovinskoga rata policije Brodsko-posvaske županije: Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata: Ministarstvo Hrvatskih branitelja. Zagreb 2018.
Ivan Stanić: Zatvor u zatvoru: Stara Gradiška 1971–1991 . Plava Rijeka, Zagreb 2005.
Vladimir Šeks: Stara Gradiška . Zagreb 1988.

Individual evidence

↑ Marica Karakaš: Žene u logorima Stara Gradiska Jasenovac i prema svjedočenju logorašica 1946. - 1948. godine . Ed .: Hans-Georg Fleck, Igor Graovac (= Dijalog povjesničara - istoričara . Volume 7 ). Zagreb 2003, p. 493–508 : "Kaznionica / zatvor u Staroj Gradišci, koji kontinuirano djeluje gotovo od 1799. godine kada su u tvrđavu zatvarani francuski vojni zarobljenici, pretvara se u sabirni logor sredinom veljače 1942. godine."
^ Sabrina P. Ramet: The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building And Legitimation, 1918-2005 . Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2006, pp. 307 .
^ Stipe Mesić: The Demise of Yugoslavia: A Political Memoir . Central European University Press, New York 2004, pp. 62 .
↑ Odluka o ukidanju Kazneno-popravnog doma u Staroj Gradiški. Narodne novine , February 13, 1991, accessed May 28, 2020 .
↑ z. B. Nina Caspersen: From Kosovo to Karabakh: International Responses to De Facto States . In: Southeast Europe . No. 56 (1) , 2008, pp. 58-83 .
↑ Ivana Nizich: War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina . Ed .: Human Rights Watch Staff, Aryeh Neier, Jeri Laber (= Human rights documents: General Report (Helsinki Watch) . Volume 1245 ). tape 1 . Human Rights Watch, 1992, ISBN 978-1-56432-083-4 , pp. 91, 99 .
^ Prison camps: Nova Gradiška. Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts, established pursuant to security council resolution 780 (1992), Annex VIII - Prison camps; Under the direction of: M. Cherif Bassiouni; S / 1994/674 / Add.2, May 27, 1994, accessed May 28, 2020 .
↑ Zatvor Stara Gradiska uskoro muzej. Jutarnji list , October 3, 2007, accessed May 28, 2020 .
↑ Stara Gradiška: Blagoslovljen temeljni came spomen-crkve za svećenike žrtve komunizma. February 13, 2012, archived from the original ; accessed on May 28, 2020 .

[1] Marica Karakaš: Žene u logorima Stara Gradiska Jasenovac i prema svjedočenju logorašica 1946. - 1948. godine . Ed .: Hans-Georg Fleck, Igor Graovac (= Dijalog povjesničara - istoričara . Volume 7 ). Zagreb 2003, p. 493–508 : "Kaznionica / zatvor u Staroj Gradišci, koji kontinuirano djeluje gotovo od 1799. godine kada su u tvrđavu zatvarani francuski vojni zarobljenici, pretvara se u sabirni logor sredinom veljače 1942. godine."

[2] Sabrina P. Ramet: The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building And Legitimation, 1918-2005 . Indiana University Press, Bloomington 2006, pp. 307 .

[3] Stipe Mesić: The Demise of Yugoslavia: A Political Memoir . Central European University Press, New York 2004, pp. 62 .

[4] Odluka o ukidanju Kazneno-popravnog doma u Staroj Gradiški. Narodne novine , February 13, 1991, accessed May 28, 2020 .

[5] z. B. Nina Caspersen: From Kosovo to Karabakh: International Responses to De Facto States . In: Southeast Europe . No. 56 (1) , 2008, pp. 58-83 .

[6] Ivana Nizich: War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina . Ed .: Human Rights Watch Staff, Aryeh Neier, Jeri Laber (= Human rights documents: General Report (Helsinki Watch) . Volume 1245 ). tape 1 . Human Rights Watch, 1992, ISBN 978-1-56432-083-4 , pp. 91, 99 .

[7] Prison camps: Nova Gradiška. Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts, established pursuant to security council resolution 780 (1992), Annex VIII - Prison camps; Under the direction of: M. Cherif Bassiouni; S / 1994/674 / Add.2, May 27, 1994, accessed May 28, 2020 .

[8] Zatvor Stara Gradiska uskoro muzej. Jutarnji list , October 3, 2007, accessed May 28, 2020 .

[9] Stara Gradiška: Blagoslovljen temeljni came spomen-crkve za svećenike žrtve komunizma. February 13, 2012, archived from the original ; accessed on May 28, 2020 .