Movement

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Movement from probably a dial clock
below: spring drive with worm
above: three-stage movement (without auxiliary wheel, minute wheel as stage 1 )
above: anchor escapement
left outside: suspension for pendulum
right outside: to the pointer mechanism , conical square for winding

Going train or drive is the portion of the wheel train of a mechanical mechanical clock of the energy storage device (drive) to the oscillating system ( regulator connects). In the case of mechanical pocket and wristwatches , the entire gear train is sometimes referred to as the movement, or the movement is limited to the movement.

description

The movement

The movement is the assembly that is present in every mechanical movement. While with large clocks (from alarm clocks to tower clocks ) it is only determined by conditions of accuracy and the manufacturing effort, with portable clocks (pocket and wristwatches) there are occasionally additional aesthetic requirements. These are skeleton watches, watches with open dials or with a see- through back made of sapphire glass , all of the gears and frames of which are made as attractive as possible through the finissage .

The movement of a mechanical watch consists of several gear stages, mostly spur gears (usually with more than 20 teeth) and drives (usually with less than 20 teeth) for the transmission of energy from the drive ( barrel , roller wheel) to the escape wheel in front of the gear regulator. The walking gear basically has a "fast" ratio (the speed increases, the torque decreases). The more gear stages there are in a movement, the longer the running time as the time it takes to wind the watch up again. A pointer mechanism branches off the movement - depending on the type of clock, from another of the gear stages.

Components of the clockwork

  • Energy storage
    Mechanical clocks are driven by an energy storage as the first component. The drive force or the torque is usually     realized by a raised weight ( weight drive ), a tensioned spring ( spring drive ), a compressed air supply ( compressed air drive ) , air pressure fluctuations ( atmospheric drive ) or with electrical current ( electric drive ). The spring or weight drive is wound by hand or with an electric motor before its supply of potential energy has become too small.
  • Movement
  • Oscillation system
    The oscillation system consists as the last component of the escapement and gear regulator (a mechanical harmonic oscillator ). The escapement prevents the unrestrained and uneven movement of the movement and transfers energy to the regulator to compensate for its friction losses. The gear regulator triggers the drive via the escapement at equal, short intervals of time - in rhythm.
  • Movement
  • Striking mechanism (optional)

Gear stages of the gear train

The terminology of the individual gear stages in the gear train (and the movement as part of it) has grown historically and varies considerably from watch type to watch type.

  • Drive: chain wheel, roller wheel, barrel . Possible exit for the pointer mechanism.
  • Stage 1: accessory wheel . The duration of the watch is extended by several additional wheel steps. This stage is also a possible exit for the pointer mechanism.
  • Level 2: minute wheel, large third wheel (with quarter tube). Most frequent finish for the hand movement.
  • Stage 3: intermediate gear, third wheel (with drive)
  • Level 4: Second wheel (with drive), 2nd intermediate wheel, crown wheel . Possible exit to the seconds display, if the translation is intended for this level.
  • Escapement: Escapement wheel, e.g. B. escape wheel, gear wheel, steering wheel

Levels 1 to 4 form the walking frame. There are walking mechanisms with two to seven gear stages.

literature

  • Richard Reutebuch: The watchmaker: A textbook f. every watchmaker, ... , Wilhelm Kempter Verlag, Ulm (Donau) 1951
  • Friedrich Assmus: Technical drives including clocks. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg 1958
  • Günter Krug: Mechanical watches. VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-341-00356-8
  • Zdeněk Martínek and Jaroslav Řehoř: Mechanical watches. VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-341-00022-4
  • Bernhard Schmidt: Tower clockworks. Edited by DGC- Fachkreis Turmuhren, Günter, Georgsmarienhütte 2001, ISBN 3-9807704-0-0

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günter Krug: Mechanical watches. VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-341-00356-8 , p. 105 f.
  2. ↑ Adelung: Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect, Volume 2. Leipzig 1796, p. 506. online in Zeno
  3. ↑ going train in lexicon.
  4. ↑ Lukas Stolberg: Lexicon of the pocket watch. Carinthia Verlag, Klagenfurt 1995, ISBN 3-85378-423-2 , pp. 81 and 181.
  5. ↑ Gear train in Watch Wiki.
  6. ^ Helmut Kahlert , Richard Mühe , Gisbert L. Brunner : Wristwatches: 100 years of development history. Callwey, Munich 1983; 5th edition, ibid. 1996, ISBN 3-7667-1241-1 , p. 48.