Spiritual uplift

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The spiritual uplifts in Wismar are a trust property of the Hanseatic City of Wismar to maintain the city's churches and a special case of German state church law .

The ecclesiastical elevations ( elevation in the sense of levying taxes, income) arose through the foundation of vicarages and through bequests in favor of the spiritual institutions of the city of Wismar: churches, hospitals and their clergy and inmates. In the course of the Reformation , citizens were given a say in the administration of these foundations. An ordinance on the administration of ecclesiastical uplifts of October 17, 1555 never came into force; Only in the unification agreement between the council and the citizenship of November 21, 1583 was it stipulated that the administration of the houses of worship, poor houses and workhouses would in future be entrusted by the mayors to the offices, councilors and citizens. Other important milestones were the civil contract of 1600 and the Wismar church and consistorial order of 1665. This was issued under Swedish sovereignty, under which Wismar had been since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Both orders left the administration of the church property, the pastors' right to present themselves to the main churches and the appointment of the administrators of the elevations, known as provisional agents, to the city. The sovereignty reserved the supervision of the regularity of the administration and use of the elevations. The special situation of Wismar ensured that the financial situation of the churches and pious foundations developed differently than in the Duchy of Mecklenburg . So the uplifts were preserved in their diversity, and unlike in the rest of Mecklenburg, there was no separation of church and parish property.

Around 1800 the uplifts included:

A. First patronage (subordinate to the oldest mayor)

  1. Holy Spirit Elevation
  2. Marian church elevation
  3. - Alms board
  4. - Brickyard elevation
  5. - Poor bag lifting
  6. Orphanage
  7. Scholarship loan

B. Second patronage (subordinate to the second mayor)

  1. St. Jacob's Elevation
  2. Nikolai Church elevation
  3. - Alms board
  4. Georgen church elevation
  5. - Alms board
  6. - Poor bag lifting
  7. Franciscan monastery

The four spiritual uplifts in the narrower sense served to pay the clergy and teachers. The building elevations had to keep the church buildings. In the case of the smaller uplifts, the income was used for different purposes. Each uplift was managed individually.

After Wismar passed into the Mecklenburg-Schwerin administration , a commission was set up to clarify the rather complicated situation and to reform the cumbersome administration and make it more efficient. Building on the suggestions of Christian Karl Friedrich Wilhelm von Nettelbladt , in 1832 an urban regulation that received confirmation from the Grand Duke in his capacity as sovereign as well as chief bishop and owner of the sovereign church regiment reformed the levies. A joint administration was set up by an uplifting department assigned to the city administration and a joint cash register. An inventory prepared in this context lists real estate in the country estates of Warkstorf, Klein Woltersdorf, Hinterwendorf, St. Jakobshof, Martensdorf, Klüßendorf, Steffin, Triwalk, Flöte, Rüggow, Preensberg and Cartlow as well as in the villages of Mittelwendorf, Groß Woltersdorf, Klüßendorf, Triwalk and Benz called. In addition, there were a number of time and inheritance leased fields, garden embankments and land on the city field as well as pensions from several wills. Beneficiaries are the elevations: "Marien's building, Mary's spiritual elevation, Marien's pauper, Marien's alms-table, Marien Ziegelhof, Georg building, Georg spiritual elevation, Georg poorbag, Georg's alms-table, Nicolai building, Nicolai spiritual elevation, Nicolai alms-giving table, Holy Spirit elevation , Black Monastery, St. Jacob's Elevation, Papencollatie, Graumönchen Elevation and the Georg Gasthaus Elevation ". Expenses include: “Salaries, payments and benefits in kind to the heads and servants of the elevations as well as preachers, church servants, school provisionalists and teachers, public taxes, leases, regular expenses, expenses for the poor, widows and children, city officials as well as church and school servants, expenses for the monastery foundations and inns (Heilig-Geist-Stift, Schwarzes Kloster, burial costs for prebends , inn on Grünen Strasse, Beginenkonvent, Blauer Konvent, Großer and Kleines Gasthaus St. Georg) ”. The benefits in kind, some of which were compensated in the 19th century, included beech charcoal, firewood, grain, wine and cleaning. The Wismar hymnbook was also published until 1870 at the expense of the united spiritual uplift .

In the course of the 19th century, almost all of the property outside the city, except for St. Jakobshof, was leased . The uplift assets were now in municipal administration, but not municipal assets, but a foundation under public law . It served the purpose of the foundation “for pious and benevolent purposes, especially for church, school and to support poverty”, as stipulated in the regulations.

After the end of the sovereign church regiment in 1918, there were negotiations between the city and the church, but these were made more difficult by the inflation . The regional church treasury of the Evangelical Lutheran regional church of Mecklenburg took over a portion of the pastors' salaries (without recognition of a legal claim and with the hope of reimbursement through the increases in better times), since the increases were no longer able to pay in full and a compensation of the deficit the city treasury was no longer possible as before 1918. A process and negotiations in the 1930s did not lead to any result.

So the spiritual uplifts were still intact in 1945. Their financial assets suffered great losses due to bank closure and currency reform ; however, the uplifts still possessed a considerable land estate of almost 300 hectares . The uplifting department was converted into a dependent department of the city administration. After some back and forth in the 1950s, a contract between the Wismar Church, represented by the state superintendent, and the city came about under great pressure from the state authorities and under the impression that the Marienkirche was blown up in 1961. The treaty abolished the ecclesiastical uplifts and divided the fortune between church and town. The parishes received ownership of the actual church buildings and properties, while all other uplift properties became the property of the city. The city undertook to carry out extensive construction work on the churches, including the restoration of the Georgenkirche - which, however, never happened until 1989. In 1987, at the request of the city, with the consent of the church (actually contrary to the wording of the 1961 contract), the land register entries for St. Nikolai, St. Marien Tower and St. Georgen were changed to the property of the people .

  • St. Nikolai

  • St. Mary's Tower (2008)

  • St. Georgen (2004)

  • Holy Spirit Church

After the turnaround in 1989, the validity of the 1961 treaty was questioned for various reasons. The legal situation was also not clarified by the Unification Treaty. The city churches became open questions of property . It was not until 2008 that a decision by the citizens to revive the ecclesiastical uplifts made possible an allocation notice from the Federal Office for Central Services and Open Property Issues, the churches of St. Nikolai, St. Marien and St. Georgen with essential components and accessories to be assigned to the property of the city. The special fund “Spiritual Elevations” is linked to the condition of reaching an agreement with the Protestant Church. A first draft, which the city council submitted in April 2008, contained a number of issues that were still controversial and was rejected by the church. At the same time, 93 hectares of land from the former property of the uplifts in Wismar and Steffin were allocated to the city.

As a further development of the elevations, the city established a city ​​church foundation in Wismar , whose statutes were passed on April 29, 2010. In December 2009, a resolution was initially postponed until January 2010; In January 2010 the application of the FDP parliamentary group to set up a special committee for the concerns of the ecclesiastical upheavals or city churches was referred to the finance and property committee, which is to advise on its tasks and competencies.

The question of ownership is relevant with regard to the use and design of the George Church, which was restored until 2010, for example when it comes to the question of the location of the high altar, which is currently still in the Nicolaikirche. The canon lawyer Axel Freiherr von Campenhausen , like the representatives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Mecklenburg, pointed out that the question of church dedication , which has not perished through destruction and disuse, should be taken into account.

literature

  • The Wismar city churches. On the special situation of property allocation, administration and use of the city churches in Wismar. Documentation of the Hanseatic City of Wismar, 2009; Full text (PDF; 7.6 MB [!])
    In it:
    • Regulatory for the administration of the ecclesiastical uplifts at Wismar from 1832 . Pp. 7-32.
    • Contract on the dissolution of the spiritual uplift from October 3rd, 1961 . Pp. 33-42.
  • Rainer Rausch: Spiritual Elevations Wismar - Construction load obligation of the Hanseatic City of Wismar on the churches of the Spiritual Elevations. In: Mecklenburgia sacra , Volume 8, 2005, pp. 136-162.
  • Rainer Rausch: Spiritual Elevations Wismar - Notes from a legal point of view. In: Mecklenburgia sacra , Volume 8, 2005, pp. 106-135.
  • Friedrich Techen : History of the Seestadt Wismar. Wismar 1929.
  • Hans Witt: Wismar under the pledge agreement, 1803-1903: Festschrift for the centenary of the reunification of Wismar with Mecklenburg . Hinstorffs̕che Hofbuchhandlung, Rostock 1903, pp. 29–34 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • Johann Peter Wurm: The spiritual uplift in Wismar - A historical outline. In: Mecklenburgia sacra , Volume 8, 2005, pp. 69-105 ( full text ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Elevation . In: German Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 5 , booklet 4 (edited by Otto Gönnenwein , Wilhelm Weizsäcker , with the assistance of Hans Blesken). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - publication date between 1952 and 1960).
  2. ↑ a b after Wurm (lit.)
  3. ↑ Facsimile of the assignment notification from Die Wismarer Stadtkirchen (lit.), pp. 127–129; See also press release (PDF) of the Hanseatic City of Wismar from September 25, 2008, accessed on January 17, 2010.
  4. ↑ Draft contract for the Spiritual Elevations, (PDF) accessed on January 18, 2010.
  5. ↑ Facsimile of the assignment notification with a list of parcels at Die Wismarer Stadtkirchen, pp. 130-134.
  6. ^ City of Wismar . Retrieved May 2, 2011 .
  7. ^ Resolutions of the 6th session of the citizenship on December 10, 2009, accessed on January 17, 2010.
  8. ↑ Resolutions of the 7th session of the citizenship on January 28, 2010 accessed on March 14, 2010
  9. ↑ Axel von Campenhausen: fashion show in the nave. In: Rheinischer Merkur . November 26, 2009, accessed January 18, 2010 .