Lobed shield fern
| Lobed shield fern | ||||||||||||
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Lobed shield fern |
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| Polystichum aculeatum | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Roth |
The lobed shield fern ( Polystichum aculeatum ), also called glossy shield fern or thorny shield fern , is a species of shield fern ( Polystichum ) within the family of the worm fern family (Dryopteridaceae). They are typical of ravine forests and rubble-slope forests in European mountains.
description
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Overall, the lobed shield fern is very variable in habit . The lobed shield fern is an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant . The fronds of young plants are often simply pinnate, which makes them resemble those of the lance-shield fern because of the forward bend of the leaflets .
The fronds are double-pinnate and 30 to 90 centimeters long, rarely longer. The petiole makes up less than a third of the entire length. In outline, the leaf blade is lanceolate to linear and its base is clearly narrowed. The rather coarse leaf blade is glossy dark green on the upper side, somewhat paler on the underside and sparsely covered with small chaff scales. The feathers (i.e. the second-order feathers) sit and are slightly sickle-curved forward. Characteristic is the lowest leaflet, which is significantly larger than all the others, usually one and a half to twice as large.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 164.
Distribution and location requirements
The lobed shield fern is found in the mountains and low mountain ranges of Europe as well as in the Caucasus and in the north Indian Himalayas . Finds from China , Japan or North America seem doubtful and have mostly been assigned to other species.
The lobed shield fern is the most widespread Central European shield fern species. It occurs scattered rocky and humid mountain and canyon forests. It usually thrives on humus-rich, both calcareous and lime-free subsoil. In the Alps it hardly rises above the tree line . In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it climbs up to the Kluppenkopf on the Höfats and on the Schochen near the Laufbacher Eck at altitudes of up to 2000 meters.
The lobed shield fern grows gregariously on shaded to shady, fresh and lively, steep slopes with lime-poor, but base-rich soils ; it likes to grow on slopes rich in debris, on rocks or on walls, mostly in more or less mild, humid climates . It is characteristic of ravine forests (Aceri-Fraxinetum), occasionally it also occurs in rubble or steep beech forests (Asperulo-Fagetum).
Hybrids
The lobed shield fern can form the hybrid Polystichum × illyricum with the lance shield fern .
Taxonomy
Synonyms for Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth are Polypodium aculeatum L. , Aspidium lobatum (Huds.) Sw. and Polystichum lobatum (Huds.) bastard .
Sources and further information
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Werner Rothmaler: Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7
- Georg Eberle: Ferns in the heart of Europe. Waldemar Kramer publishing house, Frankfurt 1970.
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1: General Part, Special Part (Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta): Lycopodiaceae to Plumbaginaceae. 2nd, supplemented edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8001-3322-9 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 86. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 77.
Web links
- Polystichum aculeatum at hardyfernlibrary.com .
- Markku Savela: Polystichum - Finnish Pteridophyta .
- The Ferns (Filicopsida) of the British Isles - Polystichum aculeatum
- Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth, thorny shield fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Lobed shield fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Shield fern data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
