Yellow-browed warbler
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Yellow-browed warbler ( Phylloscopus inornatus ) |
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| ( Blyth , 1837) |
The Yellow-browed Warbler ( Phylloscopus inornatus ) is a songbird from the family of warbler-like (Phylloscopidae). It breeds in Asia in a region that stretches from the east of the Urals to China. The yellow-browed warbler is a distinctive migratory bird that overwinters in southeast Asia. However, the species is found every year in small numbers in Europe on the coasts of the North and Baltic Seas and in the Middle East, especially in September and October.
features
The Yellow-browed Warbler is one of the smallest warblers species , he has a body length of 9.0 to 10.5 centimeters. The upper side of the body is covered with green-gray, the underside of the body is dirty white. The double wing band, which is formed by the light tips of the large and middle arm covers, is striking. The head shows a long and wide, light yellow over-eye stripe and below a dark eye-stripe. The beak is thin and pointed. The legs are brownish pink.
voice
The voice feel calls are high and thin, but relatively loud. They consist of one to two syllable, curved whistles that sound like "tsuii" or "tsuiist". They are somewhat reminiscent of the coal tit . The singing is high and thin and consists of relatively short stanzas that sound like “zie zwiewiest zieh” or “tsitsi-tsui itsui-it seee”. The height and timbre is very similar to the calls.
distribution
The yellow- browed warbler breeds in the taiga zone of the eastern Palearctic from Yakutia and Ussuriland to the west to the north of the Urals , with its distribution narrowing in a wedge shape west of the Ob River . The northern limit of the breeding area is in eastern Siberia at 69 ° -70 ° N, in the Urals at 65 ° N and west of the Ob at 64 ° N.
Habitat and food
The yellow- browed warbler lives in light forests and shrub thickets , z. B. in floodplains , in the hills and mountains or in the spruce-fir taiga . Migrants mainly live in riparian forests , but also in other groups of trees and bushes on the beach, in parks or in gardens.
Its diet consists mainly of small insects and other invertebrates , which it looks for in the crown area of trees or in the bush .
hikes
The yellow-browed warbler is a long-distance migrant , its main wintering area is in the subtropics and tropics from Southeast Asia to West and Northeast India and Bangladesh . The migration begins from the end of July to the beginning of August, stragglers do not leave the breeding area until mid-September. It often reaches the Baltic and North Seas in autumn , sometimes invasive . The median of this occurrence for the area from Great Britain to the Baltic States is at the beginning of October. Winter guests who stay in the Mediterranean area partially survive and move north in spring. The return home to the main Asian wintering area begins at the end of March. The breeding areas are reached in May to early June.
Systematics
Three subspecies of the yellow-browed warbler were previously recognized. The subspecies P. i. humei and P. i. mandellii have now been split off as a separate species, the Tienschan leaf warbler . The reasons for the separation were morphological differences and differences in singing. The yellow-browed warbler overlaps in its range with the Tienschanlaubsänger. However, the two species do not reproduce with each other. Today it is assumed that the two species split up around 2.5 million years ago. The yellow-browed warbler and the red-winged warbler form a superspecies because of their close relationship .
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Robert Pfeifer, Jutta Stadler, Roland Brandl: Birds from the Far East in Central Europe: a test of the reverse migration hypothesis. Journal of Ornithology, Volume 148 (Issue 3), 2007, pp. 379-385, doi : 10.1007 / s10336-007-0140-6 .
- ↑ Darren E. Irwin, Per Alström, Urban Olsson and ZM Benowitz-Fredericks: Cryptic species in the genus Phylloscopus (Old World leaf warblers). Ibis, 143 (2), 2001, pp. 233-247. doi : 10.1111 / j.1474-919X.2001.tb04479.x .
literature
- Per Alström and Urban Olsson: Taxonomy of Yellow-browed Warblers. British Birds 81, 1988, pp. 656-657.
- S. Ernst: Second contribution to the bird world of the Eastern Altai. Messages from the Zoological Museum Berlin, 72, Suppl. Ann. Ornithole. 20, 1996, pp. 123-180.
- Bauer, H.-G .; Bezzel, E. & Fiedler, W .: The Compendium of Birds in Central Europe - Everything about biology, endangerment and protection. Volume 2: Passeriformes - passerine birds. 2., completely revised Edition. AULA-Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-89104-648-0
- Lars Svensson , Peter J. Grant, Killian Mullarney, Dan Zetterström: The new cosmos bird guide. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07720-9 , p. 310 f.
Web links
- Phylloscopus inornatus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2013. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
- Yellow-browed warbler feathers