Tienschan warbler
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Tienschan warbler ( Phylloscopus humei ) |
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| Phylloscopus humei | ||||||||||||
| Brooks , 1878 |
The Tien Shan Warbler ( Phylloscopus humei ) is a Singvogelart from the family of warbler-like (Phylloscopidae), which is native to Central Asia.
The specific epithet humei in the scientific name honors the ornithologist and politician Allan Octavian Hume , who made a special contribution to the bird world in India .
description
The Tienschan warbler is one of the medium-sized warblers and, with a body length of 10–11 cm, is slightly larger than a golden cockerel . It is slender and very lively with a fine beak, a conspicuous stripe above the eyes and light-colored wing bands. The beak is dark horn-brown with a flesh-colored or light horn-brown base. The iris is brown. Legs and feet are greyish-olive-brown to dark horn-brown and sometimes tinged with orange.
The species is very similar to the yellow-browed warbler ( Phylloscopus inornatus ), as the subspecies of which it has long been considered, but is less strongly marked than this. The parting is more brownish, a light parting strip on the back of the skull is missing or is at best only indicated. The top is more gray-green. The beige eye stripe usually does not extend so far into the neck, the eye stripe is dark. The creamy white underside is washed-out beige on the throat, cheeks, chest and flanks or tinted yellowish to greenish in fresh plumage. The tips of the middle and large arm covers are light yellowish-beige and form two wing bands of which the front one (on the middle arm covers) is a little faded. The more conspicuous wing band is usually less clearly yellow than the yellow-browed warbler. The wings are matt brown with light yellowish hems and prominent cream-colored to white lace hems on the umbrella feathers .
The sexes do not differ. Birds in their youthful dress are more brown on top with beige wing bands; The stripe above and the underside are dirty white.
voice
Singing and shouts are the best way to distinguish them from the yellow-browed leaf warbler. The species status is based among other things on this characteristic.
The typical call is a two-syllable dsu-witt , which is reminiscent of the call of a wagtail , but can also appear sparrow-like. A variant is a sloping wi-siu .
There are two forms of singing. The more common one is an irregularly repeated, rough and drawn-down bzieeeeeoouu , which is strongly reminiscent of the red thrush's flight call . The alternative song consists of the constant repetition of the call.
distribution
The distribution area of the Tienschan warbler is mainly in the eastern Palearctic and extends a bit into the Oriental . In Nepal, the species occurs north of the main Himalayan range. The area extends from Garhwal and Himachal Pradesh in India over the north of Pakistan to the western Hindu Kush in northeast Afghanistan , to the north it extends through the Pamir , Alai , Tien Shan , the Djungarian Alatau and the Tarbagatai to the Altai and extends through the Countries Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan , the south of Kazakhstan , the north of Xinjiang in China and as far as Mongolia and southern Russia . There the deposits extend eastward over the Mongolian Altai to the Gobi-Altai and further north to the Changai and through the Tannu-ola Mountains . To the west, the species occurs in Russia up to the Salair ridge and eastwards over the Kuznetsk Alatau , the West Sayan and the East Sayan to Lake Baikal .
In Russia and Mongolia, the area is adjacent to that of the yellow-browed warbler. While the two species do not come into contact in the Changai, there are sympatric occurrences in the west of the Tannu-Ola Mountains and east of the Chöwsgöl Nuur . The exact overlap of the two distribution areas is still insufficiently recorded.
The disjoint distribution area of the subspecies Ph. H. mandellii is located in central China. It extends from eastern Qinghai to Shaanxi and south to northern Yunnan .
Geographic variation
Two subspecies are described, of which the eastern form Ph. H. mandellii is more gray at the apex and otherwise more dull on the top, but more brown in color. The front wing band is much more indistinct. The hems and tips of the umbrella feathers are more greenish, the stripe above the eyes and the underside are matt yellowish-white.
- Ph. H. humei ( WE Brooks , 1878) - Central Asian mountains from central southern Russia to northeast Afghanistan and the Himalayas (northern India and Nepal)
- Ph. H. mandellii ( WE Brooks , 1879) - middle China
habitat
The Tienschan warbler inhabits light or partially open mountain forests of the montane and subalpine level. Mostly it can be found in coniferous forests of spruce , fir or pine ; in the northeast of the distribution area also in larch forests . Often these are mixed stands - sometimes with interspersed hardwoods. Pure deciduous forests are also rarely accepted. Steep hillside locations with sunny clearings and low-growth stages of forest regeneration are preferred.
Often the species also breeds above the tree line in subalpine bushes, birch trees , crooked wood and rhododendron thickets, and such habitats are mainly inhabited locally . In dry regions, the Tienschan warbler is found in juniper stands and in stream valleys with willow , barberry and sea buckthorn bushes .
The altitude distribution is in the north of the distribution mostly between 1000 and 2500 m, further south between 2000 and 3500 m and in South Kashmir and Nepal between about 3300 and almost 4000 m.
On the move or in winter, the species can be found in a variety of tree-lined habitats such as dry deciduous forests, gardens, field trees or orchards.
literature
- Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim , KM Bauer : Handbook of the birds of Central Europe. Volume 12 / II: Passeriformes. Part 3: Sylviidae. AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1993/2001 (first edition 1991), ISBN 3-923527-00-4 , pp. 1117-1128.
- Peter Clement : Hume's Leaf-warbler (Phylloscopus humei). (2006) in: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, AD Christie, E. de Juana (Eds.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2014.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Glutz von Blotzheim, p. 1118, see literature
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Clement (2006), see literature
- ↑ audio sample
- ↑ a b c Glutz von Blotzheim, p. 1119 f, see literature
- ↑ audio sample
- ↑ a b Glutz von Blotzheim, p. 1120 f, see literature
- ↑ a b c d Glutz von Blotzheim, p. 1124, see literature
