Yellow tar herb
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Yellow tar herb ( Parentucellia viscosa ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Parentucellia viscosa | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Caruel |
The yellow tar herb ( Parentucellia viscosa ), also called yellow bartsie , is a species of the genus tar herbs ( Parentucellia ) in the family of the summer root plants (Orobanchaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Yellow tar herb is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are very sticky and glandular . The light green, square stem is usually unbranched.
The opposite leaves are sitting. The elongated-lanceolate leaf blade is elliptical to ovate-lanceolate and has a notched to serrated or roughly serrated leaf margin.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from April to September, depending on the location. In the terminal, all-round, spike-like inflorescence , the flowers are loosely arranged on four sides . The bracts are very similar to the leaves and are as long as the flowers.
The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The tubular calyx is 10 to 16 millimeters long. The linear-lanceolate calyx teeth are about as long as the calyx tube. The yellow corolla is up to 25 millimeters long with a slender corolla tube and has two lips. The upper lip is short and helmet-shaped. The lower lip is longer than the upper lip. The lower lip and three-lobed and their petal lobes are separated from each other by ridges. There are two longer and two shorter stamens .
The spherical capsule fruit contains many seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.
ecology
The yellow tar herb is a therophyte and a semi-parasite .
Occurrence
The distribution area of Parentucellia viscosa includes the entire Mediterranean area , as well as the Canary Islands , Azores and Madeira . In the northwest the yellow tar herb occurs as far as Scotland , in the east as far as Iran . It is doubtful whether Parentucellia viscosa originally appeared in the Azores and Canaries. It is a neophyte in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Australia, Tasmania, Algeria, Chile, Hawaii, USA and Canada .
The yellow tar herb thrives best on fresh, damp grass corridors, meadows, fallow land, but also on stony soils . It occurs in Central Europe in plant communities of the associations Agropyro-Rumicion and Juncion acutiflori, but also in the class of dwarf rush communities (Isoeto-Nanojuncetea).
literature
- Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel, Gelbes Tarerkraut. In: FloraWeb.de.
- ↑ a b c d e f Thomas Meyer: tar herb data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- ↑ a b Yellow tar herb . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 847 .
- ↑ Karol Marhold, 2011: Scrophulariaceae : Datasheet Parentucellia viscosa In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
