Yellow-Necked Ground Tyrant
| Yellow-Necked Ground Tyrant | ||||||||||||
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Yellow-necked ground tyrant painted by Pierre Émile Levasseur (1828–1911) |
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| Muscisaxicola flavinucha | ||||||||||||
| Lafresnaye , 1855 |
The yellow-naped ground tyrant ( Muscisaxicola flavinucha ) is a species of bird from the family of tyrants (Tyrannidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Argentina , Chile , Bolivia and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The yellow-necked basic tyrant reaches a body length of about 20 centimeters. The upper side is predominantly pale brown-gray. The crown of the forehead and the arch of the eyebrows are white. The yellowish-brown to yellow spot on the back of the head is hardly noticeable in the field. The relatively long wings are a bit darker, with the wing covers having light-colored edges. The tail is black, the outer control springs whitish. The white-gray underside turns white on the belly. Young animals do not have an ocher-colored spot on the back of the head.
distribution and habitat
The habitat of the birds are barren, stony slopes with cliffs and scree with little herbaceous vegetation. You can often see them near watercourses and mountain lakes. Usually they move at heights between 3000 and 4500 meters above sea level. During the breeding season, you can see them on the Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego at altitudes between 500 and 1000 meters.
behavior
They move in small groups, especially during the breeding season. Outside of the breeding season, they are often out and about with other basic tyrants. The birds migrate depending on the season. If they can be found in Chile and Argentina in the southern summer, in the southern winter they migrate north from Bolivia to La Libertad in Peru. They build their nests in holes and crevices in the earth or in stone walls. Most of the time they spend sitting motionless. That is why the basic tyrants are also called dormilona (= those who sleep) in Spanish .
Vocalizations
Your call sounds like a high tseet and is sometimes made in a series of repetitions.
Subspecies
Two subspecies have been described, which differ mainly in their coloring:
- Muscisaxicola flavinucha flavinucha Lafresnaye , 1855 The nominate form breeds in northern and central Chile in the Antofagasta regions to the south of the Colchagua province and in western Argentina in the Mendoza province to Santa Cruz .
- Muscisaxicola flavinucha brevirostris Olrog , 1949. This subspecies breeds in the south of Chile and Argentina, especially in the southern part of Tierra del Fuego . It differs from the nominate form in that it has a smaller beak and shorter wings. The overall color of the plumage is a little darker.
Etymology and history of research
Frédéric de Lafresnaye had bought the type copy from the Parisian natural produce dealer Charles Parzudaki (1806–1889) or his stepson François Charles Émile Fauqueux-Parzudaki (1829–1899). In his first description he used the protonym that is valid today .
The Latin epithet »flavinucha« is made up of the words »flavus« for »yellow« and »nucha« for »neck«. The »brevirostris« of the subspecies is also of Latin origin and is made up of the words »brevis« for »short« and »rostrum« for »beak«.
"Muscisaxicola" is a combination of the Latin words "Muscicapa" and "Saxicola". »Muscicapa« (= flycatcher) is made up of »musca« for »fly« and »capere« for »to catch«. "Saxicola" is a combination of "saxum" for "stone" and "colere" for "inhabit".
literature
- Thomas Scott Schulenberg , Douglas Forrester Stotz , Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill , Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
- Robert S. Ridgely , Guy Tudor : The Birds of South America: the Suboscine Passerines . tape 2 . University of Texas Press, Austin 1994, ISBN 978-0-292-77063-8 .
- Robert Sterling Ridgely, Guy Tudor: Field Guide to the Songbirds of South America: The Passerines . University of Texas Press, Austin 2009, ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8 .
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- William John Smith, François Vuilleumier : Evolutionary relationships of some South American ground tyrants . In: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College . tape 141 , no. 5 , 1971, p. 181-268 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Sur quelques espèces d'Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus du Chili et de la Colombie . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée . tape 7 , 1855, pp. 59-63 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Claës Christian Olrog: Notas ornitologieas sobre la coleccion del Instituto Miguel Lillo (Tucumán) . In: Acta Zoologica Lilloana . tape 8 , 1949, ISSN 0065-1729 , pp. 209-217 .
Web links
- Muscisaxicola flavinucha inthe IUCN 2012 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Ocher-naped Ground-tyrant ( Muscisaxicola flavinucha ) . Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Ocher-naped Ground-tyrant (Muscisaxicola flavinucha) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Yellow-necked Ground Tyrant ( Muscisaxicola flavinucha ) at Avibase; Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- Muscisaxicola flavinucha in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Yellow-necked ground tyrant ( Muscisaxicola flavinucha )
- Ocher-naped Ground-tyrant (Muscisaxicola flavinucha) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Accessed January 20, 2020 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (1994), p. 604
- ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a. (2009), p. 460
- ↑ Thomas Scott Schulenberg u. a., p. 458.
- ↑ a b Frédéric de Lafresnaye, p. 59, plate 3
- ^ Claës Christian Olrog, p. 212
- ^ William John Smith et al., P. 224
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 161
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 77
- ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 262
Remarks
- ↑ From the article it is not clear from which Paduzaki Lafresnaye received the type copy. Both persons come into question because they both probably ran a natural produce trade together at rue du Bouloi, 2 in Paris for at least some time .