Charles Parzudaki

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Charles Parzudaki (born May 7, 1806 in Chania , Crete , Ottoman Empire , † December 30, 1889 in Nointel , Oise department ) was an Ottoman - French ornithologist and natural produce dealer.

Live and act

At the time of his birth, Chania belonged to the Ottoman Empire. It could be that his family first moved to Syros , which at that time was home to many Catholics who were under the protection of France. This may have made it easier for Parzudaki to migrate to France in the 1820s or early 1830s . He received French citizenship on May 6, 1848. On August 19, 1837, he married Clarisse Moreuil (1807–1884) in Paris. On September 20, 1834, three years before their marriage, their only child Eugénie Emilie was born. Clarisse Moreuil had already been married on February 7, 1828 in Nointel with the furniture dealer François Napoléon Fauqueux (1806-1833), with whom she had the son François Charles Émile , briefly Émile , (1829-1899), whom she had in the second Marriage brought. Émile also added the surname Parzudaki to his name by decree in 1858.

The name of the Parzudakis has often been spelled differently in literature. So called him u. a. Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat 1845 Parsudaki , René Primevère Lesson 1838 Parzudhaki 1840 Parduzaki , Paul Gervais 1844 Parzudacki , Charles Lamy 1839 Parzudakey or Hermann Schlegel 1862 Parzudacky .

Charles Parzudaki was recognized for his excellent taxidermy exhibits, which he exhibited at the Exposition publique des produits de l'industrie française in 1839, 1844 and 1849.

Around 1839 he started a natural produce trade in 2 rue Bouloi , which he later ran with his stepson Émile until around 1864. To improve their exhibits, they had support from artists such as Elie Maillard (1838–1887), who replicated the glass eyes of the bellows, or the sculptor Jules Dalou (1838–1902), who replaced the usual stuffing materials with clay. The bellows of the two Parzudakis can still be found in numerous natural history museums. Private collectors such as John Gould , Frédéric de Lafresnaye , Philip Lutley Sclater , George Loddiges , Thomas Campbell Eyton , Thomas Powys, 4th Baron Lilford or Louis Antoine François Baillon also obtained bellows from their natural produce trade. Even if the core competence of the house was the birds, it also dealt with bird eggs, mussels, insects, scorpions, amphibians and mammals. Many of their bellows led to new initial descriptions, including some exhibits of species that are now considered extinct. Charles himself described in 1845 the Isaacson snow pant ( Eriocnemis isaacsonii ( Parzudaki , 1845)), a species that is now considered to be extinct or a hybrid .

In 1840 Parzudaki (as Parzudhaki) was introduced by Alexandre Ricord (1798–1876) as member number 185 of the Société cuviérienne and presented the society Gustav Hartlaub as a new member. In Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne , Magasin de zoologie, d'anatomie comparée et de palaeontologie and Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée, he published six articles between 1841 and 1849 that dealt with new bird species. He was the first to describe the white- banded pipra ( Manacus candei ( Parzudaki , 1841)), the white-bearded helmet hummingbird ( Oxypogon lindenii ( Parzudaki , 1845)) and the white-browed dwarf cotingas ( Iodopleura isabellae Parzudaki , 1847).

How long Charles was in the business and when he moved to Nointel is unknown. The business existed until around 1867, but was only mentioned in connection with Émile. It is often found in literature that Charles traveled to Colombia to collect there. Most likely this statement came from a misinterpretation of museum labels, because there is no evidence that he himself was traveling in South America. Rather, there is much to suggest that the Parzudakis got their deliveries from collectors like Justin Marie Goudot . Sclater reported in 1875 about a hide that was labeled by Parzudaki as Aglaia chapoul and was collected by a Mr. Chapoul in Colombia.

Dedication names

In 1843 Lafresnaye honored him in the name of the red- forehead tangar ( Tangara parzudakii ). René Primevère Lesson named two hummingbird species after Parzudaki. In 1838 he described Ornismya Parzudhaki , a name that is now a synonym for the Cuban emerald hummingbird ( Chlorostilbon ricordii ) ( Gervais , 1835), and in 1840 Ornismya Parzudaki , a name that is now synonymous with the green-banded sun nymph ( Heliangelus exortis ) ( Fraser , 1840) stands. In 1854 Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach introduced the genus Parzudakia , a synonym for Heliangelus Gould , in 1848. Since he classified Lessons Ornismya Parzudaki in the genus, the genus name is probably derived originally from the species name, but does not represent any further dedication.

Publications (selection)

  • Manakin nouveau, découvert by M. de Maussion Candé . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 4 , 1841, p. 306 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Manakin nouveau, découvert by M. de Maussion Candé . In: Magasin de zoologie, d'anatomie comparée et de palaeontologie (=  2 ). tape 5 , 1843, p. Plate 45 and text ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 7 , 1845, p. 95 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Nouvelle espèce d'Oiseau-Mouche . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 7 , 1845, p. 253 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Description d'une nouvelle espèce du genre Iodopleurus (Lesson) . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 9 , 1847, p. 186 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Description et figure d'une espèce D'Oiseaux-Mouche de la Républiques du Venezuela . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (=  2 ). tape 1 , 1849, p. 273-274 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

literature

  • Christophe Gouraud, Laurent Chevrier, Richard Mearns: Charles and Emile Parzudaki: natural history dealers in nineteenth-century Paris . In: Archives of Natural History . tape 43 , no. 1 , 2016, ISSN  0260-9541 , p. 76-89 , doi : 10.3366 / anh.2016.0347 .
  • Société Cuvierienne: Nouveaux membres admis dans la Société curvienne . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 2 , 1840, p. 64 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury: Modéles anatomique et taxidermies . In: Rapport du jury central sur les produits de l'agriculture et de l'industrie exposés en 1849 . tape 3 , 1850, p. 542-547 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Espèces nouvelles d'Oiseaux Mouches . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 2 , 1838, p. 314-315 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • René Primevère Lesson: Oiseaux-Mouches rares ou nouveaux, communiqués par MM. Longuemare et Parzudaki, faisant partie du t. IV. Inédit de l'histoire naturelle des Oiseaux-mouches . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 4 , 1840, p. 71-72 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Quelques nouvelles espèces d'Oiseaux . In: Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne . tape 6 , 1843, pp. 97-99 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach: Enumeration of the hummingbirds or trochilids in their true natural relationship, including the key to their systematics . In: Journal of Ornithology . 2 (separate issue), 1854, p. 1-24 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat: Description de dix Coléoptères de Chine, des environs de Macao, et provenant d'une acquisition faite chez M. Parsudaki . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 8 , 1845, p. 95-99 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Paul Gervais: Remarques sur la famille de scorpions et description de plusieurs espèces nouvelle de la collection du muséum . In: Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle . tape 4 , 1844, pp. 201-240 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Charles Lamy: Annuaire général du commerce, de l'industrie, de la magistrature et de l'administration . In: Annuaire général du commerce, de l'industrie, de la magistrature et de l'administration . tape 1 , 1839, p. 201-240 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hermann Schlegel: Revue méthodique et critique des collections déposées dans cet établissement . tape 2 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1862 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Maurice Dreyfous: Dalou, sa vie et son oeuvre . Renourad, Ha Laurens, Paris 1903 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: Remarks on the Species of the Tanagrine Genus Chlorochrysa . In: The Ibis (=  3 ). tape 5 , 1875, p. 464-467 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christophe Gouraud et al. a., p. 77.
  2. ↑ Louis Alexandre Auguste Chevrolat, p. 95.
  3. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson (1838), p. 315.
  4. ↑ a b René Primevère Lesson (1840), p. 72.
  5. ^ Paul Gervais, p. 218.
  6. ↑ Hermann Schlegel, p. 15.
  7. ↑ Louis-Étienne Héricart de Thury, pp. 546-547.
  8. ↑ Maurice Dreyfous, p. 26.
  9. ↑ Maurice Dreyfous, pp. 10-11.
  10. ↑ Christophe Gouraud et al. a., p. 78.
  11. ↑ Christophe Gouraud et al. a., p. 79.
  12. ^ Société cuviérienne, p. 64.
  13. ↑ Christophe Gouraud et al. a., p. 80.
  14. ↑ a b Christophe Gouraud u. a., p. 81.
  15. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater, pp. 465-466.
  16. ↑ Frédéric de Lafresnaye, p. 97.
  17. ^ A b Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach, p. 12.
personal data
SURNAME Parzudaki, Charles
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French ornithologist
DATE OF BIRTH May 7, 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Chania
DATE OF DEATH December 30, 1889
Place of death Nointel