George Loddiges

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George Loddiges (1786–1846) Portrait of John Renton (1775–1859)

George Loddiges (born March 12, 1786 in Hackney , Middlesex , † June 5, 1846 ibid) was an English botanist , illustrator and ornithologist . Its botanical abbreviation is G. Lodd.

Live and act

The father Joachim Conrad Loddiges (1738–1826) painted by John Renton

His father Joachim Conrad Loddiges (1738-1826) established a commercial garden and a botanical garden in Hackney. From his marriage to Sarah (née Aldous (1740-1815)) the children William (1776-1849), George and Mary (1782-1798) were born. George married Jane Creighton (1787-1859), with whom he fathered the children Jane (1812-1843), Helena (1818-1871) and Conrad (1821-1865).

With his brother he continued his father's business and enriched the institute founded by his father with botanical rarities, which he made available to science at any time. Of the 2000 illustrated plants in the monumental work The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management , he alone provided around 1700 panels. In addition to botany, he was considered an excellent ornithologist and skilled microscopic observer. When William Bullock (around 1773–1849) sold his bird collection in an auction from April 29 to June 11, 1819, it was Loddiges who followed the history of one of the most beautiful hummingbird collections of this time in his notebooks. He himself kept getting hummingbird hides with his orchid deliveries from South America. In his notebooks he described all of the hundred or so hummingbird exhibits from Bullock's shipment no. 92. This shipment was distributed among several buyers, despite Bullock's wish to sell them in full. Loddiges wrote in his notes:

"Perhaps the entire museums on the continent are not as well equipped as they were with this entire delivery."

During a visit to the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle in Paris, he took the opportunity to see all 143 hummingbird species that were present in the museum. In his article Specimens were exhibited of several Humming Birds from Popayan, forming part of the collection of Mr. John Gould; and the Following characters described it in 1832 to buff-tailed coronet ( Boissonneaua flavescens ) ( Loddiges , 1832), the Grünschwanzsylphe ( Lesbia nuna gouldii ) ( Loddiges , 1832), the emerald-throated Glanzschwänzchen ( Metallura tyrianthina ) ( Loddiges , 1832) and the mountain avocetbill ( Opisthoprora euryptera ) ( Loddiges , 1832) new to science for the first time. Loddiges planned his own hummingbird factory as soon as his collection was a little more complete. Because he was never really satisfied with his approx. 200 copies, such a work was never published. His own collection of hummingbirds is now in the archives of the Natural History Museum in London. Many of his handwritten notes and letters in the Walter Rothschild Library in Tring .

Over the years he published with his brother the orchid catalog, in which they listed many genera and orchid species, which they categorized according to the specifications of John Lindley's (1799-1865) work The genera and species of orchidaceous plants .

Dedication names

In 1847 Jules Bourcier described the miracle sylph under the name Trochilus mirabilis . The type specimen came from the natural history cabinet of the deceased and was kindly made available to him along with his father's manuscripts by Conrad Loddiges II (1821–1865). When Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte rearranged the bird world in his monumental work Conspectus generum avium in 1850 , he added it to the new genus Loddigesia . In addition, a subspecies of the pointed hooded elf ( Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii ) ( Gould , 1831) bears his name. Loddiges mentioned in the same article that a new genus might be required for this species. He suggested the name Cephallepis , a name that was used by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783-1840) for a fish as early as 1810 .

The plant genus name Loddigesia, which John Sims introduced in 1808 for Loddigesia oxalidifolia , is now considered a synonym for Hypocalyptus . The genus was probably named after his father Joachim Conrad Loddiges. John Lindley named 1821 a Orchideenart Cattleya loddigesii (Syn: Epidendrum violaccum according Loddiges), 1832 orchids Cirrhaea loddigesii (Syn: Spigelia marilandica ) and Cycnoches loddigesii , 1833 Orchideenart Acropera loddigesii (Syn: Maxillaria galeata ) and 1836 Orchideenart Physosiphon loddigesii (Syn: Stelis tubata ) and Octomeria loddigesii (syn: Octomeria graminifolia ). Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach honored him in 1856 in Lepanthes loddigesiana and Robert Allen Rolfe in 1887 in Dendrobium loddigesii . In 1853, Willem Hendrik de Vriese named a species belonging to the lizard-tail family Gymnotheca loddigesiana . Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel named a species of Zamia loddigesii in an article on cycads from Loddiges in 1843 .

Memberships

He was one of the first members of the Microscopical Society of London founded in 1839 and owned one of the best microscopes, which was made by Charles (1761-1830) and William Tulley (1789-1835). He was also a long-time member of the Horticultural Society of London . Here he was a member of the council and committee of gardeners. For several years he served the company as vice president. In 1821 he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London . In 1840 he became a member of the Société cuvierienne, which was newly founded in 1838 .

Works

  • A Catalog (handwritten) . NA, NA 1804.
  • A Catalog (handwritten) . NA, NA 1807.
  • A Catalog (handwritten) . NA, NA 1811.
  • A Catalog Of Plants And Seeds Which Are Sold By Conrad Loddiges, Nursery and Seedsman, at Hackney, near London. 9th edition. W. Wilson, London 1814.
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 1 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1817 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 11th edition. W. Wilson, London 1818.
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 2 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1818 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 3 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1818 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 4 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1819 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 12th edition. W. Wilson, London 1820 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 5 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1820 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 6 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1821 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 7 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1822 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 8 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1823 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 13th edition. W. Wilson, London 1823 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 9 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1824 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 10 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1824 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 11 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1825 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 14th edition. W. Wilson, London 1826.
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 12 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1826 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 13 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1827 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 14 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 15 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1828 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 16 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1829 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 17 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1830 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 15th edition. W. Wilson, London 1830.
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 18 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1831 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 19 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1832 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Specimens were exhibited of several Humming Birds from Popayan, forming part of the collection of Mr John Gould; and the following characters . In: Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London . tape 2 , 1832, p. 6-7 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • with Conrad Loddiges, William Loddiges, George Cooke: The botanical cabinet: consisting of colored delineations of plants, from all countries, with a short account of each, directions for management . tape 20 . John & Arthur Arch, Cornhill 1833 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Catalog of plants, which are sold by Conrad Loddiges and Sons, nurserymen, at Hackney, near London. 16th edition. W. Wilson, London 1836.
  • mit William Loddiges: Orchideae: in the collection of Conrad Loddiges and Sons, Hackney, near London, arranged according to Dr. Londley's genera and species; with their native countries and years of introduction . John & Wilson and Ogilvy, London 1842.
  • A Catalog Of Plants And Seeds Which Are Sold By Conrad Loddiges, Nursery and Seedsman, at Hackney, near London. John & Wilson and Ogilvy, London 1849.

literature

  • Edward Stanley: George Loddiges Esq. In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 1 , 1847, p. 334–335 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Horticultural Society: The late Mr. George Loddiges . In: The Journal of the Horticultural Society of London . tape 1 , no. 33 , 1846, pp. 224–225 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • James Britten, George Simonds Boulger: Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists . In: Journal of botany, British and foreign . tape 27 , 1889, p. 308-313 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • August Emanuel Fürnrohr: Deaths . In: Flora or Botanische Zeitung, published by the Königigl. bayer. Botanical Society of Regensburg . tape 29 , no. 37 , 1846, pp. 592 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Judith Pascoe: The Hummingbird Cabinet: A rare and curious history of romantic collectors . Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London 2007, ISBN 978-0-8014-4362-6 .
  • Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte: Conspectus generum avium . tape 1 . EJ Brill, Leiden 1850 ( gallica.bnf.fr [accessed June 29, 2014]).
  • Jules Bourcier: Description de quinze espèces de Trochilidées du Cabinet de M. Loddiges . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 42-47 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • John Gould: Mr. Vigors exhibited several species of Humming-birds from the collection of John Gould, one of which, previously undescribed, had been dedicated to Mr. George Loddiges FLS In: Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London . tape 1 , no. 1 , 1831, p. 12 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Willem Hendrik De Vriese, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel: De Cycadeis Loddigesianis espitola . In: Tijdschrift voor natuurlijke geschiedenis en physiologie . tape 10 , 1843, p. 67-74 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Willem Hendrik De Vriese, Pieter Harting: Monographie des Marattiacées, d'après les collections du Musée impérial de Vienne, de celui de Paris, de Sir William Jackson Hooker, de M. François Delessert, de M. le Dr. F. Junghuhn, de quelques principaux jardins de l'Europe, et celui de Buitenzorg à l'île de Java, suivie de recherches sur l'anatomie, l'organogénie et l'histiogénie du genre Angiopteris, et de considératiuons sur la structure des fougères en general . Deterville, Leiden 1853 ( books.google.de [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Constantine Samuel Rafinesque: Indice d'ittiologia Siciliana, ossia, Catalogo metodico dei nomi Latini, Italiani, e Siciliani dei pesci, che si rinvengono in Sicilia: disposti secondo un metodo naturale: eseguito da un appendice che contiene la descrizione di alcuni nuovi : illustrato da due piance . Presso Giovanni del Nobolo, Messina 1810 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Friedrich Otto, Albert Dietrich: Plants, Catalog Display - The Orchideen Catalog Loddiges . In: General garden newspaper . A magazine for gardening and all related sciences - In connection with the skilled gardeners and botanists at home and abroad. tape 13 , no. 31 , 1845, p. 248 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Rudolf Jenny: The Botanical Cabinet . In: Lankesteriana . tape 8 , no. 2 , 2008, p. 43–52 ( lankesteriana.org [PDF; 635 kB ; accessed on December 29, 2014]).
  • John Sims: Curtis's Botanical Magazine; or flower-garden displayed: in which the most ornamental foreign plants, cultivated in the open ground, the greenhouse and the stove, are accurately represented in their natural colors. To which are added their names, class, order, generic and specific characters, according to the celebrated Linnaeus; their places of growth and times of flowering: Together with the most approved Methods of Culture. A Work Intended for the Use of such Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate. tape 23 . Stephen Couchman, London 1808 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • John Lindley: Collectanea botanica, or, Figures and botanical illustrations of rare and curious exotic plants . Richard and Arthur Taylor, London 1821 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • John Lindley: Edwards's Botanical Register, Or Ornamental Flower Garden And Shrubbery: consisting of colored figures of plants and shrubs, cultivated in British gardens; Accompanied By Their history, best method of treatment in cultivation, propagation etc . tape 18 . James Ridgway and Sons, London 1832 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • John Lindley: The genera and species of orchidaceous plants . Ridgways, London ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014] 1830-1840).
  • John Lindley: Edwards's Botanical Register, Or Ornamental Flower Garden And Shrubbery: consisting of colored figures of plants and shrubs, cultivated in British gardens; accompanied by their history, best method of treatment in cultivation, propagation etc (=  New Series . Volume 8 ). James Ridgway and Sons, London 1836 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014] a).
  • John Lindley: Notes upon some genera and species of American Orchidaceae . In: Companion to the Botanical magazine: being a journal, containing such interesting botanical information as does not come within the prescribed limits of the magazine; with occasional figures . tape 2 , 1836, p. 353–358 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014] b).
  • Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach: Xenia orchidacea: Contributions to the knowledge of the orchids . tape 1 . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1856 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Robert Allen Rolfe: Dendrobium Pulchellum . In: The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects (=  3 ). tape 2 , 1887, p. 155 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed December 29, 2014]).
  • Leslie A. Garay: Dating of the Botanical Cabinet and of Paxton's Flower Garden . In: Taxon International journal of plant taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution . tape 18 , no. 6 , 1969, p. 709-712 , doi : 10.2307 / 1218929 .
  • Société Cuvierienne: Nouveaux membres admis dans la Société Cuvierienne . In: Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne . tape 3 , 1840, p. 288 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 13, 2016]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Horticultural Society, p. 224.
  2. ↑ a b August Emanuel Fürnrohr, p. 592.
  3. ↑ a b Edward Stanley, p. 335.
  4. ↑ Leslie A. Garay, pp. 709 ff. The exact publication dates can be found here.
  5. ^ Judith Pascoe, p. 48.
  6. ↑ a b Judith Pascoe, p. 49.
  7. ↑ George Loddiges, (1832b).
  8. ^ A b Horticultural Society, p. 225.
  9. ^ Judith Pascoe, p. 50.
  10. ^ Judith Pascoe, p. 191.
  11. ↑ Friedrich Otto u. a., p. 248.
  12. ↑ Jules Bourcier, p. 42.
  13. ^ Jules Bourcier, p. 177.
  14. ^ Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte, p. 80.
  15. ↑ a b John Gould, p. 12.
  16. ^ Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, p. 54.
  17. ↑ Rudolf Jenny, p. 46.
  18. ↑ John Sims, p. 965. To whom the Loddiges family is dedicated is not clearly described by the author.
  19. ^ John Lindley (1821), p. 37.
  20. ↑ John Lindley (1832b), p 1538th
  21. ^ John Lindley (1830-1840), p. 154 (description appeared in 1832).
  22. ↑ John Lindley (1830-1840), p. 172 (description appeared in 1833).
  23. ↑ John Lindley (1836a), p 1797th
  24. ↑ John Lindley (1836b), S. 354th
  25. ^ Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, p. 145.
  26. ^ Robert Allen Rolfe, p. 155.
  27. ^ Willem Hendrik De Vriese u. a. (1853), p. 11.
  28. ^ Willem Hendrik De Vriese u. a. (1843), p. 72.
  29. ^ Revue Zoologique par La Société Cuvierienne (1840), p. 288

Remarks

  1. ↑ James Britten et al. a., p. 309 indicate the year 1784. Most sources give 1786 as the date of birth.
personal data
SURNAME Loddiges, George
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English botanist, illustrator and ornithologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 12, 1786
PLACE OF BIRTH Hackney (Parish)
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1846
Place of death Hackney (Parish)