Shiny emerald-throated tail

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Shiny emerald-throated tail
Shiny emerald throat tail ♂

Shiny emerald throat tail ♂

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Shiny tail ( Metallura )
Type : Shiny emerald-throated tail
Scientific name
Metallura tyrianthina
( Loddiges , 1832)

The emerald-throated shimmering tail ( Metallura tyrianthina ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area in the South American countries Venezuela , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN classifies the population as “not at risk” ( least concern ).

features

Shiny emerald throat tail ♀

The male emerald-throated shimmering tail reaches a body length of about 8.1 cm, females are slightly smaller at about 7.6 cm. Both have a short 1 cm long beak. The male is dark copper green. The throat glitters green, the tail is maroon. The female is also colored dark copper green on the upper side. The cheeks, throat and the upper part of the chest are yellow-brown with a few dark spots. The rest of the underside is pale whitish ocher, with green spots streaking the sides. The tail is similar to that of the males, only with scattered yellowish white spots. Both sexes have a white spot behind the eyes.

behavior

The relatively aggressive little hummingbird moves and sits mostly in the strata at heights between 1 and 5 meters. It is more likely to cling to the flowers than to buzz in front of them to get the nectar . When it comes to defending flowers on bushes and hedges near forest edges, behavior is staid but territorial . Both sexes usually go their separate ways and so you are more likely to see two females or two males in the same area.

Breeding behavior

From April to August they were observed to breed in the Sierra de Perijá in the eastern and central Andes. In Cundinamarca in July nests were discovered in cave-like niches. They build this from a hanging mass of moss and fibers with a small nest chamber that covers it with moss. If the nest is attacked, it will defend it.

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the emerald-throated shiny tail

The emerald-throated shining tail is relatively common on damp forest edges, overgrown clearings and bushy areas near forests. Occasionally you can see them in ecotonal areas between crippled forests, páramo or isolated bushes in the lower páramo. Seasonally they move on. It moves at altitudes between 1700 and 3500 meters, but in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta sometimes up to 600 meters.

Vocalizations

The call sounds like a series of weak, unmusical crackling tones.

Subspecies

There are seven known subspecies:

  • Metallura tyrianthina districta Bangs , 1899 in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Northern Colombia).
  • Metallura tyrianthina chloropogon ( Cabanis & Heine , 1860) in northern Venezuela.
  • Metallura tyrianthina oreopola Todd , 1913 in western Venezuela.
  • Metallura tyrianthina tyrianthina ( Loddiges , 1832) in central Colombia, in the Venezuelan state of Táchira across the east and south of Ecuador to the north of Peru.
  • Metallura tyrianthina quitensis Gould , 1861 in northwestern Ecuador.
  • Metallura tyrianthina septentrionalis Hartert , 1899 west of the Rio Marañón in northern Peru.
  • Metallura tyrianthina smaragdinicollis ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838) in central and southern Peru to northwestern Bolivia.

Etymology and history of research

George Loddiges described the emerald-throated shiny tail under the name Trochilus tyrianthinus . The type specimen came from Popayán . It was not until 1849 that John Gould introduced the new genus Metallura .

The word Metallura is derived from the Greek words »metallon μεταλλον « for »metal« and »oura ουρά « for »tail«. The specific epithet tyrianthina is derived from the Latin "tyrianthinus" for "purple robe". Districta, districtus is also of Latin origin and stands for "busy". Chloropogon is derived from the Greek words "chlōros, χλωρος " for "green" and "pōgōn, pōgōnos πωγων, πωγωνος " for "beard". Oreopola is a Greek word made up of "oros, oreos ορος, ορεος " for "mountain" and "poleō πολεω " for "to hunt". Quitensis stands for Quito . Septentrionalis is derived from the Latin "septemtrio" for "north". Finally, smaragdinicollis is derived from “smaragdus” for “emerald green” and “-collis, collum” for “-nackig, throat, neck”.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty , William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 0-691-08372-X ( books.google.de ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • George Loddiges: Specimens were exhibited of several Humming Birds from Popayan, forming part of the collection of Mr John Gould; and the following characters . In: Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence of the Zoological Society of London . tape 2 , 1832, p. 6-7 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 13 , 1899, pp. 91-108 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis , Ferdinand Heine junior: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine on Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, Stud. Philos. Volume 3 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1860 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Walter Edmond Clyde Todd: Preliminary diagnoses of apparently new birds from tropical America . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 26 , 1913, pp. 169-174 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae, with the characters of two new Genera and descriptions of three new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 94-196 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: An introduction to the Trochilidæ: or family of humming-birds . Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Ernst Hartert: Future notes on Humming-birds . In: Novitates Zoologicae . tape 6 , no. 4 , 1899, pp. 72-75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny, Frédéric de Lafresnaye: Synopsis avium . In: Magasin de zoologie . tape 8 , Classe II, 1838, pp. 1-34 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Emerald Throat Shiny Tail  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 293.
  2. ↑ Steven Leon Hilty et al. a., p. 294.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ^ Outram Bangs, p. 94.
  5. ↑ Jean Louis Cabanis et al. a., p. 94.
  6. ↑ Walter Edmond Clyde Todd, p. 174.
  7. ↑ a b George Loddiges, p. 6.
  8. ^ John Gould (1861), p. 112.
  9. ↑ Ernst Hartert, p. 73.
  10. ↑ Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny u. a., p. 31.
  11. ^ John Gould (1849), p. 94.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 252
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 394.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 137.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 103.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 283.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 329.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 354.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 358.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gould ordered the genus Trochilus cupreocauda a synonym for black metaltail ( Metallura phoebe ( Lesson & Delattre , 1839)), Trochilus aeneocauda a synonym for the shed abdominal Glanzschwänzchen ( Metallura aeneocauda ( Gould , 1846)), Trochilus alardi , actually Ornismya allardi ( Bourcier , 1839) synonymous with Emerald Kehl-Glanzschwänzchen, Trochilus smaragdinicollis synonymous Metallura tyrianthina smaragdinicollis ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838), Trochilus Williami a synonym for the Green Glanzschwänzchen ( Metallura williami ( Delattre & Bourcier , 1846) ) to.