Common door snail
| Common door snail | ||||||||||||
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Common door snail ( Balea biplicata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Balea biplicata | ||||||||||||
| ( Montagu , 1803) |
The Alinda Biplicata ( Balea biplicata ) is a terrestrial snail species from the family door snails (Clausiliidae).
features
The case is tower-shaped, bulbous and left-handed. It is about 16 to 18 mm (max. 22 mm) high, 3.8 to 4.0 mm thick and horn brown. There are about 12 turns that increase regularly. The last turns are a little wider. The mouth is oval with a slightly pointed lower edge on the inside. The weak tip of the lower edge continues inside into a clear basal groove. The mouth can be closed by the clausilium (a complicated fold and flap structure inside). The top of the turns is ribbed evenly. On the penultimate turn there are about 5–6 ribs per millimeter. The lower lamella is weak and often divides towards the lip into two smaller folds, which can also be broken up into nodules. There are no interlamellar folds, a palatal fold is missing, as is the lower palatal fold. If you look directly into the mouth, you can see the middle palate fold.
Geographical occurrence and habitat
The common door snail is found in northern France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, western and southern Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and in isolated locations in southern England, Denmark, southern Norway and southern Sweden. These occurrences could be due to anthropogenic displacement.
The common door snail prefers to live in shady, rather damp locations in forests in the leafy layer and in dead wood, in stocks of herbaceous plants (e.g. in stinging nettle stocks ) or between rocks, old walls and also in the herb layer of flowing waters. It lives on the ground, more rarely does it climb trees. It can also often be found in large numbers in cultural areas. It occurs less frequently in xerothermic locations. There are also occasional dwarf forms. It prefers biotopes with calcareous soil.
Way of life
The animals feed on withered or rotting parts of the plant. Fresh parts of plants are less likely to be eaten, with the exception of cabbage thistle ( Cirsium oleraceum ). In addition, algae and bacterial lawns are grazed and fungi (including large mushrooms) are eaten.
The common door snail is a hermaphrodite. According to previous observations, one partner acts as a male and the other as a female. The animals are viviparous; in rare exceptional cases, well-developed eggs are laid. The young are "born" from April to October or hatch during this time. One to eleven boys are born from one parent at a time, and they can be born within a few days. They look like miniature adults; the case measures 1.3 to 1.8 mm in height and 0.9 to 1 mm in width and has 2½ turns. The outside is still completely smooth. The housing is initially still tapered and only becomes bulbous when the animals are almost adult.
The young animals are fully grown after about eight to ten months and form the thickened mouth and the clausilium (closure apparatus). The animals can reach an age of 3½ years.
Systematics
The species was previously mostly placed in the genus Balea Gray, 1824. Nordsieck (2007) then transferred it to the genus Alinda Adams & Adams, 1855. It was overlooked that this name is a more recent synonym of Plicaphora Hartmann, 1841. The little used name Plicaphora Hartmann, 1841 (= Alinda Adams & Adams, 1855) is best treated as a younger synonym by Balea Gray, 1824 , according to Francisco Welter Schultes (in Animal Base) . Therefore, the common door snail is now again assigned to the genus Balea and, as before the transfer, referred to as Balea biplicata .
The species is divided into several subspecies:
- Balea biplicata biplicata (Montagu, 1802), the nominate subspecies
- Balea biplicata atanasovi (Urbanski, 1964), Bulgaria
- Balea biplicata eutychia (Ehrmann in Urbanski, 1960)
- Balea biplicata forsteriana (Clessin, 1876), Bavaria (endemic)
- Balea biplicata byshekensis (Nordsieck, 2008)
- Balea biplicata faueri (Nordsieck, 2008)
- Balea biplicata irikovi (Nordsieck, 2008)
- Balea biplicata orientalis (Nordsieck, 2008)
- Balea biplicala eupleuris (Moellendorff, 1899)
- Balea biplicala distinctor (A. Wagner, 1915)
- Balea biplicala michaudiana (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)
Trivia
The common door snail is the mollusk of 2010 ( called Alinda biplicata there).
swell
Individual evidence
literature
- Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: molluscs. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
- Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954.
- Hartmut Nordsieck: Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. 214 S., Hackenheim, ConchBooks 2007 ISBN 978-3-939767-07-7
- Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails . Quelle & Meyer Verlag 2014, 352 pp. ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4
On-line
Web links
- Nabu - Left turning garden, forest and rock dweller
- Mollusca and Malacozoology in Germany - Mollusc of the Year
Bellied diaper snail (2003) | Common boat snail (2004) | Tiger Snails (2005) | Common river mussel (2006) | Mask Snail (2007) | Mouse ears (2008) | Husmann's Well Snail (2009) | Common door snail (2010) | Petite poppy snail (2011) | Slender Amber Snail (2012) | European oyster (2013) | Garlic Shiny Snail (2014) | Mantle snail (2015) | Big pea clam (2016) | Beautiful land snail (2017) | Neptune Snail (2018) | Common heather snail (2019)
