Gender budgeting

Gender budgeting , in the parlance of the UN, gender-responsive budgeting , or gender-equitable budget , means the establishment and implementation of measures within the process of drawing up public budgets (see budget ), with the aim of achieving actual gender equality . gender ) and ultimately achieve it.

A gender budgeting process consists of the definition of gender equality goals, the analysis of the existing budget, e.g. B. a municipality, an authority, a university, a country or state, consisting of their income (e.g. taxes , levies ) and expenditure with regard to these equality goals and finally the changes with the aim of better or finally complete achievement of the Equality goals.

In a broader sense the approach of gender takes Budgeting other than the government revenues and expenditures also those parts of the economy in the view that in official statistics on the activities or to the supply in the market and in the government sector is not well in the paid area of the service sector included are. In particular, the use of time for work outside the market and state sector (the extensive area of family work and voluntary work) and the interactions with budget policy are a central starting point.

classification

In Europe, gender budgeting is understood as a bundle of measures, as a sub-strategy of the gender mainstreaming strategy , with which gender equality is to be achieved. The Austrian Federal Chancellery defines it as follows: Gender budgeting is therefore the financial policy instrument of the gender mainstreaming strategy for gender equality. It is an effective analysis and control instrument that also creates gender equality through changed budget management and policy.

history

The idea of ​​gender budgeting was developed in Australia . There, in 1984, on the initiative of economics professor Rhonda Sharp, an attempt was made to divide the state budget more fairly between women and men. The ideas were received internationally in particular by the 3rd and 4th World Conference on Women . The idea was taken up by the UN and the Council of Europe . Among the German-speaking countries, the concept found the earliest and strongest support in Austria. Gender budgeting has been anchored in the Austrian Federal Constitution since January 1, 2009.

European Union

The 1999 Amsterdam Treaty made equality between men and women a Community task (Article 2). In 2002, the EU Finance Ministers' Conference decided to aim for the introduction of gender budgeting by 2015 to implement gender equitable policy. In 2004 the European Union defined gender budgeting as follows: Gender budgeting is an application of gender mainstreaming in the budget process. It means a gender-related assessment of households and integrates a gender perspective in all levels of the budget process. Gender budgeting restructures income and expenditure with the aim of promoting gender equality. (Definition of the European Union, EG-S-GB 2004, RAP FIN prov2, p. 11)

Situation in Austria

In Austria , the idea of ​​actually striving for equality between women and men through appropriately designed housekeeping was taken up early and intensively and vigorously pursued.

• An inter-ministerial working group for gender mainstreaming (IMAG GM) was set up with a first resolution by the Council of Ministers on July 11, 2000 in order to implement the gender mainstreaming strategy at federal level.
• With a Council of Ministers resolution of April 3, 2002, the Federal Government decided on a work program for the implementation of gender mainstreaming for the next few years on the basis of the recommendations of IMAG GM.
• The third gender mainstreaming resolution of the Council of Ministers of March 9, 2004 laid down the requirements for a targeted implementation of gender mainstreaming at federal level.
• With a resolution of the Council of Ministers of March 5, 2008, it was decided to apply the two guidelines for the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the context of legal projects and in the area of ​​budget preparation, which were prepared on behalf of the Minister for Women.
• With a fifth resolution by the Council of Ministers on September 6, 2011, five priorities for the sustainable implementation of gender mainstreaming were defined.

As part of the Austrian budget reform on January 1, 2009, gender budgeting was enshrined in the federal constitution. According to this, the federal, state and local governments must strive for actual equality between women and men in household management (Article 13 paragraph 3 B-VG). This objective will be strengthened for the federal government from January 1, 2013 with the introduction of impact-oriented budget management.

Situation in Germany

In Germany , only in the federal state of Berlin have there been systematic efforts since 2003 to pursue equality policy on the basis of gender budgeting. There are also approaches to implementation in other federal states. There are also individual cities such as Freiburg , Münster , Cologne , Bremen and Hamburg in which gender budgeting approaches are implemented.

In 2005 a feasibility study on gender budgeting at the federal level was commissioned by the Ministry for Families, Seniors, Women and Youth, which was presented to the cabinet and published in 2006. To a small question from the Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen parliamentary group , the federal government replied in 2012:

“From the perspective of the federal government,“ gender budgeting ”is not a suitable instrument within the federal budget to enforce gender equality. Against this background, this approach was not pursued further in the current legislative period. ""

Situation in Switzerland

In Switzerland , the city of Basel tries to implement gender budgeting.

See also

• Gender accounting

literature

• Peter Schwendener, Andrea Pfeifer: A gender-differentiated budget incidence analysis for Basel-Stadt , in: Gender Balance-Equal Finance, a symposium of the Women's Council and the Basel-Stadt Equal Opportunities Office on a gender-differentiated budget analysis , 2002.
• Diane Elson, Brigitte Young : Gender equality through gender budgeting? Berlin: Heinrich Böll Foundation, October 2002
• Margit Schratzenstaller : Gender Budgets - an overview from a German perspective , in: Silke Bothfeld, Sigrid Gronbach, Barbara Riedmüller (eds.): Gender Mainstreaming - an innovation in gender equality policy , 2002.
• Frey, Regina: A little household. Gender budgeting as a gender-political strategy , in: Brigitta Wrede (Ed.), Geld undGEL, Tabus, Paradoxien, Ideorien , 2003.

in English

• Rhonda Sharp, Ray Broomhill: Budgeting for equality: The Australien experience , in: Feminist Economics, 8 (1).
• Debbie Budlender, Rhonda Sharp with Kerri Allen: How to do a Gender-Sensitive Budgets Analysis. Contemporary Research and Practice. Commonwealth Secretariat, 1998 (PDF; 697 kB), ISBN 086803615 3
• Diane Elson: Macroeconomics and Macroeconomics Policy from a Gender Perspektive, Public Hearing of Study Commission Globalization of the World Economy-Challenges and Responses , German Bundestag, 2002.
• Debbie Budlender, Guy Hewitt: Engendering Budgets: A Practitioner's Guide to Understanding and Implementing Gender-Responsive , 2003, PDF file

Web links

Austria

• Gender Mainstreaming / Budgeting page from the Federal Minister for Women and the Public Service, Federal Chancellery Austria
• Interministerial Working Group Gender Mainstreaming / Budgeting (Austria)

Germany

• Overview of the implementation of gender budgeting in Germany, as of May 2014
• Page of the Berlin Senate
• Gender portal of the University of Duisburg-Essen
• Gender Competence Center of the Humboldt University Berlin

Links in English

• http://www.gender-budgets.org/ The UN website on gender budgeting (en)
• Winnie Byanyima: Towards Gender Responsive Budgeting (en)

Videos

• Videos from the UN on gender responsive budgeting

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.gender-budgets.org/
2. ↑ z. B. Christine Mayrhuber, Michaela Neumayr, Margit Schratzenstaller (WIFO), Birgit Buchinger, Ulrike Gschwandtner (Solution): Gender Budget Analysis for Upper Austria. Abridged version, September 2006, pages 4–7, accessed on November 10, 2012 on the website of the Province of Upper Austria ( Memento of the original from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 753 kB) 
3. ↑ Christine Mayrhuber, Michaela Neumayr, Margit Schratzenstaller (WIFO), Birgit Buchinger, Ulrike Gschwandtner (Solution): Gender Budget Analysis for Upper Austria. Abridged version, September 2006, page 4, accessed on November 10, 2012 on the website of the Province of Upper Austria ( memento of the original from December 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 753 kB) 
4. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ ^{a b} Angelika Blickhäuser, Henning von Bargen: gender budgeting. Gender-related analysis and equality-oriented assessment of the distribution of (financial) resources.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF file accessed on November 11, 2012.  
6. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 11, 2012  
7. ↑ http://www.imag-gendermainstreaming.at/cms/imag/subcoverpage.htm?channel=CH0561 . Retrieved November 11, 2012.
8. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 11, 2012.  
10. ↑ Christine Rudolf: Gender Budgeting in German Federal States . Springer Verlag, Wiesbaden 2018.
11. ↑ http://www.freiburg.de/pb/,Lde/205980.html
12. ↑ http://www.muenster.de/stadt/frauenbuero/index_gender-budgeting.html Retrieved on November 11, 2012.
13. ↑ Cologne Women Working Group: Gender Budgeting. Retrieved January 29, 2020 . 
14. ^ Free Hanseatic City of Bremen: Gender Budgeting. Retrieved January 29, 2020 . 
15. ^ Authority for Science, Research and Equality: Progress for equality between women and men: Hamburg budget is geared towards equality. Retrieved January 29, 2020 . 
16. ↑ Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth: https://www.bmfsfj.de/blob/84346/a3561553b17a20cefde5f41f0fe8a36d/machbarkeitsstudie-gender-budgeting-pdf-data.pdf. Retrieved January 29, 2020 . 
17. ↑ http://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/17/114/1711410.pdf Answer of the Federal Government to the small question of the MPs Sven-Christian Kindler, Monika Lazar, Katja Dörner, other MPs and the parliamentary group BÜNDNIS 90 / THE GREENS “Gender-sensitive budgeting”, November 7, 2012
18. ↑ http://www.gleichstellung.bs.ch/schwerpunkte/gender_budget.htm