Geographical space
Geographical space is the name given to the respective geographic research area as the general chorology of the landscape sphere . Space is the basic element of geographical consideration that characterizes the sub-area of spatial research and regional geography as a modern, spatial concept of the geosciences .
Room concepts
In the geosciences there are various competing spatial concepts that can be distinguished according to this scheme:
- Vulgar materialistic spatial concept ( absolute space ) of traditional and chorological geography, the unity of geographical and physical space , or naive spatial concept of geography, space as a surface element of the earth's surface
- Idealistic spatial concept (based on George Berkeley , Immanuel Kant ); in geography e.g. B. Action space according to Benno Werlen
- Historical-materialistic conception of space: space as spatial practice (after Henri Lefebvre , further developed by the geographer David Harvey )
Specification of space
Space is the primary medium and central modeling element of spatial planning (as spatial functions and spatial use of an economic-legal geographical unit) as well as landscape planning and urban planning (as open space and built-up space ) at the interface between geography and politics . In human geography in particular , geographical space also becomes social .
In the context of physical geography and ecology , geographical space is natural space . (Analogously, " region " stands as any spatial unit of a certain level of scale to landscape as a natural spatial unit.)
The human geographers describe the area using absolute, relative and cognitive information. The most common way of looking at space is to see the space as a container, which is defined by right-angled coordinates and can be described using absolute distance specifications (meters, kilometers, etc.). In this context, they define space as socio-economic (space of experience, space of experience), topological (connectivity) and cognitive (behavioral context) space. Geomorphologists always consider space in relation to time. The fundamental ways of looking at geosciences include space and time. They only consider spatial references in connection with temporal dimensions, so that one can speak of “pico, nano, micro, meso, macro and mega forms”.
In addition, the term also plays a role in geoinformatics , where geodata for a geographic object - then as a geo- object - must be mapped within a spatial reference ( georeferencing ). While the location of data units is relatively easy to handle, the mapping of complex spatial concepts and the time component is associated with major problems.
See also
- Space (architecture) - the analog, smaller-scale concept of architecture
- Spatial unit (Upper Austria) - nature conservation planning in Upper Austria
literature
- Academy for spatial research and regional planning (ed.): Hand dictionary of spatial planning . ARL, Hannover 2005, ISBN 3-88838-555-5 .
- Contributions to the didactics of "geography and economics" lessons . In: Wolfgang Sitte , Helmut Wohlschlägl (Hrsg.): Materials for didactics of geography and economics . tape 16 . Institute for Geography and Regional research of the University of Vienna, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-900830-43-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ MJ Egenhofer, DM Mark .: Naive Geography . In: AU Frank, W. Kuhn (Ed.): Spatial Information Theory: A Theoretical Basis for GIS. Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences No. No. 988 . Springer, Berlin 1995, p. 1-15 . , quoted from Achatschitz, Aigner, Twaroch: Free and Open Source Software - 3.1 Naive Geography . S. 4 .
- ↑ Claudia Achatschitz, Wolfgang Aigner, Florian Twaroch: Free and open source software + GIS = Naive GIS? (PDF (ftp)) geoinfo.tuwien, accessed on June 16, 2008 .