Georgios Tzules

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Georgios Tzules (also Tzul , Tzoulas , ancient Greek Γεώργιος Τζούλης ; † after 1016) was a Byzantine strategos who rebelled against Emperor Basil II in 1016 on the theme of Cherson .

The Protospatharios Georgios Tzules belonged to an important local family from Kherson , who was probably of Khazar origin and is particularly evidenced by inscriptions and seals . At the end of 1015 or beginning of 1016 he tried to make himself independent of the Byzantine Empire in the Crimea ; In this context, Skylitzes calls him the Archon and Chagan of "Chazaria". Basil II sent a fleet which, under the command of Bardas Mungos , was supposed to submit the area again to the imperial authority. The uprising was put down with the help of the Kievan Rus under the leadership of Mstislavs von Tmutarakan (at Skylitzes: "Sphengos" ). Georgios was captured when they first met. His further fate is unknown.

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literature

  • Jean-Claude Cheynet: Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963-1210) (= Publications de la Sorbonne. Series Byzantina Sorbonensia. Vol. 9). Reimpression. Publications de la Sorbonne Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Civilization Byzantines, Paris 1996, ISBN 2-85944-168-5 , pp. 35-36 No. 19.
  • Alex Feldman: The Historiographical and Archaeological Evidence of Autonomy and Rebellion in Chersōn: a Defense of the Revisionist Analysis of Vladimir's Baptism (987-989). MRes Thesis to the Byzantine, Ottoman and Modern Greek Studies. University of Birmingham, Birmingham 2013 ( PDF file; 1.3 MB ), p. 70.
  • Ralph-Johannes Lilie , Claudia Ludwig, Thomas Pratsch, Beate Zielke, Harald Bichlmeier, Bettina Krönung, Daniel Föller, Alexander Beihammer , Günter Prinzing : Prosopography of the Middle Byzantine Period . 2nd department: (867-1025). Volume 2: Christophoros (# 21279) - Ignatios (# 22712). Created after preliminary work by F. Winkelmann . Published by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. De Gruyter, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-016667-5 , pp. 508-509 No. 22253.
  • Thomas Schaub Noonan: The Khazar-Byzantine World of the Crimea in the Early Middle Ages: The Religious Dimension . In: Archivum Eurasiae medii aevi. Vol. 10, 1998-1999, ISSN  0724-8822 , pp. 207-230.
  • Paul Meinrad Strässle: War and Warfare in Byzantium. The wars of Emperor Basil II against the Bulgarians (976-1019) . Böhlau, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-412-17405-X , p. 543.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ See Cheynet, Pouvoir , p. 296.
personal data
SURNAME Georgios Tzules
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Georgios Tzul; Georgios Tzulas; Γεώργιος Τζούλης (Middle Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Byzantine strategos of Cherson, rebel against Emperor Basil II.
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century
DATE OF DEATH after 1016