Germer flower buds
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Germer moth ( Eupithecia veratraria ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Eupithecia veratraria | ||||||||||||
| Herrich-Schäffer , 1848 |
The Germer Moth ( Eupithecia veratraria ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the Spanner (Geometridae). The scientific name of the species is derived from the Latin veratrum = germer , the forage plant of the caterpillars .
features
butterfly
The wingspan of the nominate form moths is 24 to 28 millimeters. This makes them one of the larger specimens within the musculoskeletal system. The basic color of the forewings ranges from light gray to dark gray. A high-contrast, black, comma-shaped spot stands out in the middle. The other drawing elements are often indistinct. A few dark spots stand out a little more clearly on the front edge. There is usually a white wavy line near the hem area. The hind wings are slightly lighter than the fore wings and show a small black central spot.
egg
The greenish yellow egg shows depressions in the shell sculpture that are hexagonal.
Caterpillar
Adult caterpillars are thick, stocky, and plain brown-black. A few small orange spots can only be seen occasionally.
Doll
A reddish dot stands out from the yellow-brown pupa . It has a cone-shaped cremaster , which is equipped with two large hooked bristles in the middle and three smaller hooked bristles on each side.
Similar species
The satyr pacifier ( Eupithecia satyrata ) is usually much smaller and therefore not to be confused despite similar drawing elements. A genital morphological examination can therefore be dispensed with in most cases.
Geographical distribution and occurrence
The Germer moth occurs like islands in mountainous regions of Europe and Asia as far as Japan . The species prefers mountain slopes, forest edges, alpine meadows or boggy areas.
Subspecies
The following subspecies are known:
- Eupithecia veratraria veratraria , in central and southern Europe with the exception of the Pyrenees
- Eupithecia veratraria eynensata , in the Pyrenees
- Eupithecia veratraria arctica , in arctic Norway , in the Northern Urals and on the Kola Peninsula
- Eupithecia veratraria homophaea , in the Altai and the Ussuri region
- Eupithecia veratraria geyserata , on Kamchatka
- Eupithecia veratraria perpaupera , in Japan
Way of life
The moths are nocturnal and fly in one generation, mainly from June to August. They appear in both sexes in artificial light sources . The caterpillars live from July to October and feed on the flowers and fruits of the white Germer ( Veratrum album ). They usually live sociable and cover the inflorescences and seed pods with a white web. The pupae overwinter, sometimes up to three times.
Danger
In Germany, the Germer moth occurs in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg and is listed in the red list of endangered species on the warning list, or as "endangered" (category 3).
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe , Volume 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1910
- ↑ a b Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
- ^ A b Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 .
- ^ Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Red List of Endangered Animals in Germany . Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster 1998, ISBN 3-89624-110-9 .
literature
- Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
Web links
- Lepiforum e. V. - photos
- www.nic.funet.fi - occurrence worldwide
- www.schmetterlinge-deutschlands.de - endangerment
- Eupithecia veratraria in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved July 19, 2012