Toothed lamb's lettuce
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Toothed lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella dentata ), illustration |
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| Valerianella dentata | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Pollich |
The toothed lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella dentata ) is a member of the valerian family (Valerianoideae) that occurs scattered to fairly widespread in Central Europe .
Appearance
The annual herbaceous plant is very similar in appearance to the common lamb's lettuce ( Valerianella locusta ). It usually reaches heights of between 15 and 35 cm. The four- to six-sided stem has downwardly directed hairs and rosette-like heaped leaves, especially in the lower part. These are more or less bald, spatulate and entire. The upper ones are seated, lanceolate-linear in shape and have partially well-developed teeth.
The inflorescence is forked several times and often contains single flowers in the armpits.
The flowers are about 1.5 mm long and bluish-white in color.
The fruit is glabrous ( Valerianella dentata subsp. Dentata ) to hairy with hooks ( Valerianella dentata subsp. Eriosperma (Wallr.) Holub ), ovoid-conical shape and laterally flattened. It has a long pointed tooth and two more, indicated above. Compared to the large calyx tooth, the fruit is only slightly arched and finely 3-ribbed. On a large fruit compartment with seeds there are two narrow, rib-like, empty fruit compartments.
The toothed lamb's lettuce flowers mainly in June and July.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14 or 16.
Valerianella dentata subsp. dentata
Valerianella dentata subsp. eriosperma
inflorescence
inflorescence
ripe fruits
Location claims and distribution
Valerianella dentata grows in grain fields, on roadsides and on embankments. The species prefers fresh to more or less dry, warm, nutrient-rich and mostly loamy soils. It occurs in Central Europe in societies of the Sedo-Scleranthetea class and also in the associations Caucalidion lappulae or Fumario-Euphorbion.
The toothed lamb's lettuce is found in western, central and southern Europe as well as in North Africa. To the east it penetrates into the Caucasus. It is a sub-Mediterranean-Mediterranean floral element. Its distribution area includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Portugal, Andorra, the Balearic Islands, France, the Channel Islands, Great Britain, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Italy, Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily , Denmark Sweden, Norway, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Moldova, Ukraine, European Russia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Belarus, European and Asian Turkey, the Aegean Sea, Syria, the Caucasus, Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. It is a neophyte in the Azores, Madeira and the Canaries.
In Germany the species occurs scattered to fairly widespread, especially in the central and southern areas. In the northwest, however, the toothed lamb's lettuce is very rare. In Austria, Valerianella dentata is found scattered or rarely in colline to montane levels. In Switzerland the species occurs scattered.
Systematics
Two subspecies of their fruits can be distinguished:
- Valerianella dentata subsp. dentata
- Valerianella dentata subsp. eriosperma (Wallr.) Holub
literature
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Christian August Friedrich Garcke : Illustrierte Flora , Verlag Paul Parey, 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0
- Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
- August Binz , Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland , Schwabe & Co. AG, Basel, 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4
- Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora , Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 880 .
- ^ A b E. von Raab-Straube & T. Henning (2017+): Valerianaceae. - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Data sheet Valerianaceae
Web links
- Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich, Serrated Rapunzel. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Toothed lamb's lettuce . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Valerianella dentata (L.) Pollich In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved March 31, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )