Gilgel Gibe III

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Gilgel Gibe III
Gibe III dam in Wolayita
Gibe III dam in Wolayita
Tributaries: Omo
Drain: Omo
Gilgel Gibe III (Ethiopia)
Gilgel Gibe III
Coordinates 6 ° 50 ′ 50 "  N , 37 ° 18 ′ 5"  E Coordinates: 6 ° 50 ′ 50 "  N , 37 ° 18 ′ 5"  E
Data on the structure
Lock type: Dam wall
Construction time: 2007-2016
Height of the barrier structure : 223 m
Height above foundation level : 243 m
Height of the structure crown: 896  m
Crown length: 610 m
Crown width: approx. 15 m
Power plant output: 1 870  MW
Operator: Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation
Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination ) 892  m
Water surface 210 km²
Storage space 11,750 million m³
Total storage space : 14,700 million m³
Catchment area 35,141 km²
Design flood : 10 600  m³ / s

The Gilgel Gibe III hydropower project (named after the Gilgel Gibe River ) is a dam on the Omo River in Ethiopia with a hydropower plant . It stands approx. 290 km southwest of Addis Ababa and, with a 243 m high barrier structure made of rolled concrete, is the highest dam in Africa, with an output of 1,870 megawatts (MW) currently (2016) also the second largest hydropower plant in Africa, surpassed only by the Aswan Dam . The hydropower capacity currently installed in Ethiopia, which was 814 MW in 2007, has thus more than tripled. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam on the Blue Nile with an output of 6,000 MW is under construction in Ethiopia, with the completion date still unknown .

According to the client, the project was 75% complete in October 2013. The power plant went into operation with the first machines in October 2015. On December 17, 2016, after nine years of construction, the completed project was inaugurated.

Omo expansion

On the upper reaches of the Omo (2013)

Gibe III is part of the Omo expansion, which comprises a total of five dams: Gilgel Gibe I (184 MW) (see en: Gilgel Gibe I Dam and en: Gilgel Gibe II Power Station ) already exist, Gilgel Gibe IV (1472 MW) and V (560 MW) are planned. The operator is the state-owned Ethiopian power supply company, Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation . The cost of the project is estimated at 1.55 billion euros or 2 billion dollars. There are also costs for the power lines to neighboring countries.

The construction work was awarded to Salini Impregilo from Italy in 2006 . With the engineering planning that was Studio Pietrangeli commissioned ELC Electro Consult - Coyne et Bellier (ELC COB) with the supervision .

Barrier structure

The barrier structure consists of a gravity dam made of rolled concrete with a height of 243 (or 246) m above the foundation level or 223 m above the river bed. The top of the wall lies at a height of 896 m above sea level . The length of the top of the wall is 610 (or 630) m. The volume of the structure is 6.114 million m³.

The dam has a flood relief system that can discharge a maximum of 10,600 m³ / s; the probability of this event occurring has been determined to be once in 10,000 years. The estimated maximum flood is 18,000 m³ / s.

Reservoir

With the normal storage target of 892 m, the reservoir extends over an area of ​​around 210 km² and holds 14.7 billion m³ of water - 11.75 billion m³ of this can be used to generate electricity. The congestion target can fluctuate between 892 and 800 m above sea level , the maximum congestion target is 893 m.

In January 2015 the impoundment had started, which in October 2015 with over 800 m above sea level. M. had already progressed so far that the power plant can operate completely.

power plant

The power station is at the foot of the dam on the left. It has an installed capacity of 1,870  MW . The average annual production will be an estimated 6.5 billion kWh . The 10 Francis turbines have a maximum output of 187 MW each and the associated generators 220  MVA . In the switchgear , the generator voltage of 15 kV is increased to 400 kV by means of machine transformers.

costs

The construction project is said to have cost the equivalent of 1.5 billion euros and was financed 60 percent by the China Exim Bank .

Benefits and Disadvantages

The dam serves as a water reservoir for the connected hydropower plant and thus for generating electricity. It is expected that half of the electricity produced will be used in Ethiopia and the other half will be exported to Kenya (500 MW), Sudan (200 MW) and Djibouti (200 MW). Since Ethiopia is classified as one of the poorest countries in the world according to the Human Development Index (HDI) and is dependent on international aid, the country expects an additional source of income from the export of electricity.

Local and international organizations expect negative effects on the environment, especially on the Omo National Park in the lower reaches and Lake Turkana , into which the Omo flows, and criticize the project. However, satellite images show that, contrary to fears, there have been no negative effects at least on the water level of Lake Turkana. Compared to 2014, the last year before the impoundment began, the water level is even slightly higher.

A number of local and international organizations have also criticized the dam's impact on the Omo's natural flooding cycle. The construction of the dam ended this cycle and thus endangers the livelihoods of 200,000 people in Ethiopia and a further 300,000 people in Kenya. The organization Survival International points out that at least eight indigenous groups are affected. They were not included in the planning of the project, although the Ethiopian constitution states that "people have the full right to consultation and expression of opinion when planning and implementing [...] projects that will directly affect them" (Article 92, No. 3). As a result of the criticism of the project, the European Investment Bank (EIB) did not participate in the financing of the construction of Gibe III.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Gibe III hydropower project, official website ( Memento of the original from March 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 17, 2009 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gibe3.com.et
  2. a b dw.com , December 17, 2016: dw.com: Ethiopia inaugurates gigantic dam (December 17, 2016)
  3. Gregory Poindexter: Home - Facts on Gibe III- PDF. www.hydroworld.com, accessed October 25, 2016 .
  4. a b c d e f g BACKGROUND. (No longer available online.) Www.gibe3.com.et, archived from the original on May 2, 2016 ; Retrieved October 25, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gibe3.com.et
  5. a b c d Gibe III Hydroelectric Project. Salini Impregilo , accessed October 25, 2016 .
  6. Lori Pottinger: Gibe III Reservoir Begins Filling, Launching Lake Turkana's Slow Decline. In: International Rivers. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  7. Satellite images from Einstau, January / February 2015. (No longer available online.) Http://www.internationalrivers.org/blogs/229-0 , archived from the original on September 18, 2015 ; accessed on April 20, 2016 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.internationalrivers.org
  8. a b Landsat. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  9. ^ Gibe 3 hydroelectric project: Letter. (No longer available online.) In: www.gibe3.com.et. Archived from the original on May 2, 2016 ; Retrieved April 20, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gibe3.com.et
  10. http://www.dw.com/de/Äthiopien-weiht-gigantischen-staudamm-ein/a-36812894
  11. ^ "Ethiopia, Italian Company Sign $ 2 Billion Hydro Power Project" (All Africa), accessed June 18, 2010
  12. "International and local organizations call for protest against Gibe III"
  13. Press release of the European Investment Bank: EIB clarifies participation in Gibe 3 project and confirms support for the energy sector in East Africa , July 19, 2010, accessed on February 12, 2019.
  14. European Investment Bank will not finance Gibe III , www.survivalinternational.de, August 10, 2010, accessed on February 12, 2019.