Giovanni Arduino
Giovanni Arduino (born October 16, 1714 in Caprino Veronese , Republic of Venice , † March 21, 1795 in Venice ) was an Italian geologist . He is considered the father of Italian geology.
Arduino was a mining specialist. Based on his observations in northern Italy, he was the first to develop a system of geological geological ages in the early 1760s . He divided geological formations into primary ( montes primitivi ), secondary ( montes secundarii ) and tertiary ( montes tertiarii ) layer sequences. Behind this list is the idea of the different ages of the layers. The "primitive" rocks ( basalt , granite , slate ) form the oldest formation, fossil calcareous deposits form the later, secondary ones, and Arduino recognized the less solidified, tertiary sediment deposits as the youngest. This led to a division of the geological ages into "primary" (today referred to as the Paleozoic or Earth Age), "secondary" (today the Mesozoic or Earth Middle Ages) and " tertiary " (today part of the Cenozoic , also referred to as the New Earth Age).
Arduino also recognized the importance of fossils and used them as well as chemical methods to determine the age of rock layers.
In addition to his geological studies, he dealt with metallurgy , chemistry and agricultural engineering.
The asteroid (29356) Giovarduino and the Dorsum Arduino on the Earth's moon were named after him.
His brother is the botanist Pietro Arduino .
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Arduino, Giovanni . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 1st part. University printing house L. C. Zamarski (formerly JP Sollinger), Vienna 1856, p. 61 ( digitized version ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Arduino, Giovanni |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian geologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 16, 1714 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Caprino Veronese |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 21, 1795 |
| Place of death | Venice |