Hissor
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Hissor Gissar |
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| Basic data | |||
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| State : |
 Tajikistan
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| Administrative unit : | Nohijahoi tobei Jumhuriy | ||
| Coordinates : | 38 ° 32 ' N , 68 ° 33' E | ||
| Height : | 802 m | ||
| Area : | 10 km² | ||
| Residents : | 26,900 (2015) | ||
| Population density : | 2690 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postal code : | 799824 | ||
| Structure and administration | |||
| Community type: | city | ||
| Website : | |||
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Hissor ( Tajik Ҳисор Hissor ; Russian Гиссар / Gissar) is a city in Tajikistan with 23,000 inhabitants. It is located about 25 km west of the capital Dushanbe . The city is the center of the Hissor district .
geography
The city is located in the densely populated and fertile Hissar Valley, named after it, at around 800 to 825 m above sea level. NN. The climate is strongly continental. The city is traversed by the Chanaka River , a tributary of the Kofarnihon . The entire urban area covers about 9.6 km².
history
In prehistoric times up to around 2000 BC The area around Hissor was inhabited by carriers of the Hissar culture , a late Neolithic cultural group that was particularly widespread in the river valleys of the Kofarnihon and the Wachsch in southwest Tajikistan.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the village belonged to the sphere of influence of the Emirate of Bukhara (Eastern Bukhara), whose rulers had a large fortress built here. This was then captured by the Red Army in 1921 .
In 1929 Hissor was connected to the Dushanbe – Termiz railway line . The corresponding station was named "Chanaka".
It was not until June 26, 1991, after the country of Tajikistan gained independence, that Hissor received city rights and became the center of the Rajon of the same name . In 2005 the place was restructured as a city-like settlement (шахрак).
Attractions
The most important building in the city is the old fortress. It was laid out in the 18th century as the summer residence of the emirs of Bukhara and greatly expanded in the 19th century. Today it consists of two high hills. The fortress wall, which is up to a meter thick and contains loopholes, and the large entrance gate are well preserved. This includes two conical towers that frame the entrance arch.
In front of the entrance gate of the fortress is the Registan . The other side of this square is occupied by two madrasas , an older two-story from the 18th century and a younger one from the 19th century, which has been largely destroyed today. The old madrasah has a large inner courtyard, where there are entrances to the cell-like rooms ( chudschr ). Up to the beginning of the 20th century, around 100 to 150 Koran students were taught here. Today the older of the two madrasahs houses a small museum displaying local clothing, ceramics and jewelry, and a library. Behind the madrasah is the mausoleum of Machtumi Azam (Pers. For "Great Master"), an Islamic teacher of the 16th century. This is probably the Hodscha Mohammed Chaivoki.
Another important building is the Sangin Mosque , a stone sacred building from the 12th to 16th centuries.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Hissor in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ Hissor (Russian)