Giulio Aquila

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Giulio Aquila , actually Julius Spitz , also Gyula Sas (born December 16, 1893 in Jászberény , Austria-Hungary , † August 26, 1943 in Swobodny , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union ) was a Hungarian communist functionary.

Life

Julius Spitz, the eldest son of the Jewish general goods dealer Benjamin Spitz from Oroszfalva and the Hani Blumenfeld, attended the local elementary school from 1899 and from 1903-1908 the grammar school. Then he attended the banker's school in Großwardein until 1911 and worked for a year in Miskolc at the Budapest Bank of Farmers before he was a representative of a wool company in Vienna from 1913 to 1915.

In the course of the Magyarization , he and his brothers Andreas and Stephan took on the Hungarian surname Sas (German: eagle).

On October 6, 1916, he married Etelka Silberer in Pressburg (born April 21, 1886 in Budapest, † 1955 in Moscow). They had daughters Agnes (1921–2001) and Vera (* 1919) who emigrated with their mother to the Soviet Union in 1933 and became students at the Karl Liebknecht School in Moscow.

1916–1918 Gyula Sas served in the Austrian army. After he had been a member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria-Hungary from 1911, he joined the Communist Party of Hungary in 1919 and was a member of the Economic Council under Eugen Varga during the Hungarian Soviet Republic . After their suppression, he fled to Vienna in September.

In Italy he worked on behalf of the Comintern and was temporarily a member of the Italian Communist Party until he was expelled after the Mussolini putsch in 1921.

He adopted the party name Aquila, under which he wrote for the press, moved to Berlin, became a member of the KPD and worked full-time as a party worker for the Comintern and the Soviet trade agency. He dealt mainly with the Italian question and with questions of fascism and published several articles and brochures. With Willi Munzenberg , he was also a reporter on the “fascist movement” at the 5th Comintern Congress in 1924. His last job in Berlin was the International Anti-Fascist Committee .

In 1924 he married Valentina Dina Adler (1898–1942), the eldest daughter of Alfred and Raissa Adler . Adler had a doctorate in economics in Vienna, worked in Berlin and was a member of the KPD.

1929-30 he was posted to Moscow, where he worked as a consultant for Italian questions at the Comintern. In 1931 he returned to Germany and worked in the foreign policy department of the Red Flag . After he was arrested in March 1933 and expelled as a stateless person in April, he returned to the Soviet Union in June 1933, took up a job in the Central Committee of the CPSU (B) in the office of Karl Radek and also worked for the institute founded by Eugen Vargas in 1924 World economy . Valentina emigrated to the Soviet Union in January 1934 and worked in the publishing cooperative of foreign workers .

On January 17, 1937, both were arrested by the NKVD, possibly because of their contact with Radek. Giulio Aquila was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp on October 2, 1937 and died on August 26, 1943 in a camp in the Far East near the city of Svobodny , a station on the Trans-Siberian Railway , Valentina 1942 in the Gulag in Akmolinsk .

His daughter Agnes volunteered for the Red Army in 1941 and was deployed behind enemy lines until 1943. Later she worked as a typesetter in the 7th printing house for foreign languages. She tried to get her father released and rehabilitated and was arrested in February 1943 for "disregarding the passport law". In 1947 she returned to Germany, became a member of the SED and worked as a journalist and interpreter.

Publications

  • The Italian Socialist Party; 1922 ( online )
  • Fascism in Italy ; 1923 ( Online ( Memento from August 4, 2012 on WebCite ))
  • Analysis of fascism 2. Fascism in power
  • Analysis of fascism.
  • with Willi Munzenberg: Report on the fascist movement in spring 1924 submitted to the fifth congress of the Communist International on behalf of the Comintern Commission against Fascism ; 1924

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aquila, Giulio , Biographical information from the manual of the German communists at the Federal Foundation for the processing of the SED dictatorship
  2. ↑ Nadine Nelken ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: nadinenelken.de
  3. ↑ Stephan Sas: * August 13, 1904. Studied medicine in Rome; 1928 Dr. med. 1938 emigrated to India; Private practice in Bombay. Later head of a military hospital in the British Army.
  4. ↑ Natalja Mussienko: School of Dreams. Julius Klinkhardt, 2005, ISBN 978-3-781-51368-6 , p. 1 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  5. ↑ Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work. Böhlau, Wien / Köln / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-205-99467-1 , p. 13 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
personal data
SURNAME Aquila, Giulio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Spitz, Julius (real name); Sas, Gyula
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian communist functionary
DATE OF BIRTH December 16, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Jászberény , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1943
Place of death Svobodny , Russian SFSR , Soviet Union