Glossary Chinese painting
The following list is a glossary of Chinese painting . The focus is on traditional Chinese painting. Some life and impact data are approximate. For the painters see the list of Chinese painters .
B.
bàibǐ败笔 [敗筆] a failed brush stroke (in calligraphy or painting)
báimiáo 白描 Sketching without using colors (style of ink painting)
báiwén白文characters carved into a seal
bēitiè碑帖 imitation; Stone imprint; Stone deduction (of stone inscriptions as a calligraphic template)
bēiwén 碑文 monument inscription; epigraph
C.
cǎoshū草书 [草書] concept script (of Chinese calligraphy); cursory shorthand; "Grass writing"
D.
dàzhuàn大篆Dazhuan script ; large seal script (written form developed in the Zhou dynasty)
duìlián对联 [對聯] pair of sayings (written on scrolls); Scrolls
dùjīn zhéshàn镀金 折扇 gold-plated folding fan
E.
Èr Shí二 石 Two 'stones', d. H. the masters Kun Can髡 残 (Shixi 石溪 [石谿]) and Shi Tao石涛.
F.
Fāng-Xī-Tāng-Dài方 奚 汤 戴 [方 奚 湯 戴] Fang-Xi-Tang-Dai (Wade-Guild: Fang, Hsi, T'ang, Tai), group consisting of four masters from the middle period of the Qing Dynasty: Fang Xun方 薰, Xi Gang奚 岡, Dai Xi戴 熙 and Tang Yifen湯 貽 汾.
fēngjǐng风景 [風景] landscape
fēngjǐnghuà风景画 [風景畫] landscape painting; Landscape painting
G
gōngbǐhuà工笔画 [工筆畫] painting in the Gongbi style (a style characterized by fine brushwork and detailed representation)
gǔdiǎn huìhuà古典 绘画 [古典 繪畫] classical painting; classic drawing
guóbǎo国宝 [國寶] national art treasures; National shrines
H
hǎipài海派 Shanghai style; Shanghai School
huāhuì花卉 "flowers and grass"; Flower painting
huāniǎo花鸟 [花鳥] painting of flowers and birds
huàzhōng jiǔyǒu画 中 九 友 [畫 中 九 友] "Nine friends of painting". A group consisting of the personalities Dong Qichang董其昌, Yang Wencong杨文聪, Cheng Jiasui程 嘉 燧, Zhang Xueceng张学 曾, Bian Wenyu卞文瑜, Shao Mi邵 弥, Li Liufang李 流芳, Wang Shimin王时敏 and Wang Jian王 鉴 from the late Ming or early Qing period , named after an undated poem entitled Huazhong jiuyou ge (“Song of the Nine Friends of Painting”) by the poet Wu Weiye (1609–1671). All nine were poets, painters and scholars.
J
Jiādìng sì jūnzǐ嘉定 四 君子 Four masters of Jiading. The term jūnzǐ is often translated as noble, Jiading belongs to Shanghai. These are the people Li Liufang (李 流芳), Lou Jian (婁 堅), Cheng Jiasui (程 嘉 燧) and Tang Shisheng (唐 時 升)
Jīnlíng bājiā金陵 八家 Eight Masters of Jinling or Eight Masters of Nanjing ( Chinese 南京 八家 , Pinyin Nánjīng Bājiā ), consisting of Gong Xian龚 贤 (approx. 1618–1689), Fan Qi樊 圻 (1615/1616 – approx. 1694), Ye Xin叶欣 (fl. 1650–1670s), Zou Zhe邹 喆 (1636 – ca. 1708), Gao Cen高 岑 (fl. 1670s; died 1689), Hu Zao胡 造 (fl. 1681) , Wu Hong吴宏 (fl. 1670s – 1680s) and Xie Sun谢 荪 (fl. 1679).
K
kǎishū楷书 [楷書] normal , regular, block letters
L.
lìshū隶书 [隸書] from the Xiaozhuan script, simplified chancellery script (official script) that was in use during the Han Dynasty
M.
mògǔhuà没 骨 画 [沒 骨 畫] "boneless painting" (painting technique of traditional painting)
mínghuà名画 [名畫] famous picture; famous painting
Míng sì jiā明 四 家 or Míng sì dàjiā明 四 大家 Four masters of the Ming dynasty, these are Shen Zhou沈周 (1427–1509), Wen Zhengming文徵明 (1470–1559), Tang Yin唐寅 (1470–1524) and Qiu Ying仇 英 (approx. 1494–1552).
mínzúhuà民族 画 Painting of ethnic minorities
mòbǐhuà墨 笔画 [墨 筆畫] Chinese painting (with black ink)
N
Nán Chén Běi Cuī南 陈 北 崔, Chen from the south and Cui from the north, d. H. the masters Chen Hongshou陈洪绶, Cui Zizhong崔子忠
niánhuà年画 [年畫] New Year's picture
Q
Qīngchū liùjiā清初 六家 Six masters of the early Qing dynasty, a painters' circle consisting of Wang Shimin王時敏 (1592–1680), Wang Jian王 鑑 (1598–1677), Wang Hui王 翬 (1632–1717), Wang Yuanqi王 原 祁(1642–1715), Wu Li吳 歷 (1632–1718) and Yun Shouping惲 壽 平. Also called "Vier Wang, Wu-Yun" (四 王 、 吳 惲) for short.
R.
réntǐhuà人体 画 nude painting
rénwùhuà人物画 [人物畫] figurative painting; Figure drawing
S.
Sān Zhū三 朱 Three Zhu, group consisting of Zhu Angzhi朱 昂 之, Zhu Haonian朱 寉 年 (1760–1834) and Zhu Ben朱 本.
shànmiàn扇面 fan covering
shānshuǐ山水 traditional Chinese landscape painting
shānshuǐhuà山水画 [山水畫] landscape painting
shìrénhuà 士人 画 see wénrénhuà
shūfǎ书法 [書法] calligraphy
shuǐcǎihuà水彩画 [水彩畫] watercolor; Watercolor painting
shuǐfěnhuà水粉 画 [水粉 畫] gouache; Gouache painting
shuǐmòhuà水墨画 [水墨畫] ink painting; India ink drawing
Sì gāosēng四 高僧 Four monks. The four monks from the beginning of the Qing Dynasty were Shi Tao石涛, Zhu Da朱 耷 (also known as Bādà Shānrén八大山人), Hong Ren弘仁 and Kun Can髡 殘.
Sì Rèn四 任 Four Ren, a group from Zhejiang and Shanghai from the end of the Qing Dynasty, consisting of Ren Xiong任 熊, Ren Xun任 薰, Ren Yi任 颐, Ren Yu任 预.
sùmiáo 素描 sketch; Study; sketch
T
tàběn榻 本 (also tapiàn拓片) stone abrasion
tú'àn图案 [圖案] design; template
túzhāng图章 [圖章] seal; stamp
W.
wénrénhuà 文人画 [文人 畫] literati painting
X
Xiǎo sì Wáng小 四 王 "Little Four Wang", consisting of the painters Wang Yu王昱, Wang Su王 愫, Wang Jiu王 玖 and Wang Chen 王 宸. See the other "Four Wang", i. H. Wang Shimin王時敏, Wang Jian王 鑑, Wang Hui王 翬, Wang Yuanqi王 原 祁 under Qīngchū liùjiā清初 六家 Six masters of the early Qing dynasty.
xiǎozhuàn小篆Xiaozhuan script ; small seal script (simplified character script, introduced in the Qin Dynasty )
xiěshēnghuà写生 画 [寫生 畫] Painting from nature
xiěyìhuà写意 画 [寫意 畫] painting in the Xieyi style (style of traditional Chinese painting characterized by free brushwork that captures the essence of the painting)
Xīlíng yìnshè西泠印社Xiling seal company
Xīn'ān sìjiā 新安四 家 or Xīn'ān sì dàjiā 新安四 大家 Four Masters from Xin'an, also called Four Masters from Anhui , consisting of Zha Shibiao查 士 标, Sun Yi孙逸, Wang Zhirui汪 之 瑞 and Hong Ren弘仁.
xíngshū行书 [行書] cursive ; fluent handwriting (in Chinese calligraphy)
Xíng-Zhāng-Mǐ-Dǒng邢 张 米 董 Xing-Zhang-Mi-Dong (Wade-Giles: Hsing, Chang, Mi, Tung), four masters. These are Mi Wanzhong米 萬 鍾 (1570–1628), Xing Tong邢 侗, Dong Qichang董其昌 and Zhang Ruitu张瑞 图.
xízìtiè习字 帖 [習字 帖] calligraphic sample book
Y
Yángzhōu bāguài扬州八怪 [揚州八怪] Eight Eccentrics from Yangzhou , a group of eight painters from the time of the Qing Dynasty in Yangzhou ( Jiangsu ), consisting of Wang Shishen (汪士 慎) (1686–1759), Huang Shen (黄慎) (1687–1772), Li Shan (李 鱓) (approx. 1686–1756), Jin Nong (金 农) (1687–1764), Luo Ping (罗 聘) (1733–1799), Gao Xiang (高翔) (1688–1753), Zheng Xie (郑 燮) (1693–1765), Li Fangying (李 方 膺) (1696–1755).
yìnjì印记 [印記] see yìnzhāng
yìnzhāng印章 seal, stamp; Seal
yìnzhāngxué印章 学 [印章 學] Siegelkunde, Sphragistik
yóuhuà油画 [油畫] oil painting
Yuán sìjiā元 四 家 or Yuán sì dàjiā元 四 大家 Four masters of the Yuan Dynasty, group consisting of Huang Gongwang (1269–1354), Wu Zhen (1280–1354), Ni Zan (1301–1374) and Wang Meng (1308 -1385).
Z
zhéshàn折扇 folding fan
zhōngguóhuà中国 画 [中國 畫] traditional Chinese painting
zhuàn 篆 see yìnzhāng
zhuāngbiǎo装裱 [裝裱] raise (picture, etc.)
zhuànkè 篆刻 seal carving
zhuànshū篆书 [篆書] seal script
zìhuà juànzhóu字画 卷轴 picture scrolls with calligraphy and paintings
zìtiè字帖 printed typeface samples by famous calligraphers for practice in writing; Calligraphy template
See also
- Glossaire de la peinture chinoise (Elizabeth M. Owen)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Chinese terms were given alphabetically in the Latin transcription (pinyin) and predominantly in the simplified and traditional spellings (with the traditional spelling in square brackets).
- ↑ A Gift of Heritage - lcsd.gov.hk
literature
- Xin Han-De cidian. Shangwu yinshuguan, Beijing 1988, ISBN 7-100-00096-3 .
- John DeFrancis : ABC Dictionary. Wenlin.
- Victoria Contag, Wang Chi-Ch'ien: Seals of Chinese painters and collectors of the Ming and Ch'ing periods reproduced in facsimile size and deciphered. Introduction by J. Cahill . Revised edition with supplement. Hong Kong 1966. Hong Kong University Press. (Reprint: 1982, ISBN 962-209-034-6 )
- Yang Xin, Richard M. Barnhart, Nie Chongzheng, James Cahill, Lang Shaojun, Wu Hung: Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting. Yale University and Foreign Languages Press, 1997, ISBN 0-300-07013-6 .
- Günther Debon: Basic concepts of Chinese writing theory and its connection to poetry and painting. Steiner, Wiesbaden: 1978, ISBN 3-515-02769-6