Gomphichis

Gomphichis
	Illustration of Gomphichis viscosa; fig. II
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Orchidoideae
Tribe :	Cranichideae
Sub tribus :	Cranichidinae
Genre :	Gomphichis
Scientific name
	Gomphichis
	Lindl.

Gomphichis is a genus from the family of the orchid (Orchidaceae). It consists of 34 types of herbaceous plants that are native to South and Central America.

description

The species of the genus Gomphichis are terrestrial, rarely epiphytic , clumpy plants. The roots , which arise close together, are fleshy and hairy. The leaves are in a basal rosette, less often distributed on the shoot. They are narrow oval to lanceolate, pointedly ending, fleshy.

The racemose, many-flowered inflorescence is terminal, upright. The inflorescence axis is hairy and covered by bracts . The bracts are about as long as the flowers. The flowers are rather small, fleshy, they are usually close together and are not resupinated . The ovary is sessile. Both the ovary and the petals are usually hairy. The three sepals are shaped roughly the same as each other, only slightly gaping, free. The lateral petals are more or less the same as the sepals; they too are not grown together. The lip is fleshier than the other petals, short nailed, runny, encompassing the column. The column is club-shaped and curved in an S-shape, hairy. At the top of the column sits the large scar, which is arranged across the axis of the column and surrounded by a raised edge . The rostellum between the stigma and the stamen is thin, also transverse to the columnar axis, ending blunt to cut off, connected to the sides of the clinandrium. The stamen is small, the chambers are parallel. The two pollinia are made up of crumbly pieces. The pollinia stick to a common small round adhesive disc ( Viscidium ).

Occurrence

Gomphichis occurs in western South America, mainly in the Andes, as well as in Costa Rica. The genus inhabits altitudes from 1700 to 3600 meters. The locations are alpine grasslands, forest edges and moist forests.

Systematics and botanical history

The genus Gomphichis was established by Lindley in 1840 . The name is derived from the Greek γόμφος gomphos for "nail" or "club" and refers either to the shape of the column or to the glandular hairs on the flowers. Type species is Gomphichis goodyeroides .

Gomphichis is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Cranichidinae . The genus Aa and Porphyrostachys pilifera are closely related . There are 35 known species:

Gomphichis adnata (Ridl.) Schltr. : It occurs from Costa Rica to Guiana and Peru.
Gomphichis alba F. Clay. & Kraenzl. : It occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis altissima Renz : It occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis bogotensis Renz : It occurs from Colombia to northwestern Venezuela.
Gomphichis carlos-parrae S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis caucana Schltr. : It occurs from northwestern Venezuela to Ecuador.
Gomphichis cladotricha Renz : It occurs in the Colombian province of Cundinamarca .
Gomphichis crassilabia Garay : It occurs in Ecuador.
Gomphichis cundinamarcae Renz : It occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis epiphytica Szlach., S. Nowak & Paluch. : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis fernandezii S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis goodyeroides Lindl. : It occurs from Colombia to Peru.
Gomphichis gracilis Schltr. : It occurs from northeastern Colombia to Venezuela.
Gomphichis hetaerioides Schltr. : It occurs from Colombia to Ecuador.
Gomphichis jaramilloi S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs from Colombia to Venezuela.
Gomphichis koehleri Schltr. : It occurs in Peru.
Gomphichis lancipetala Schltr. : It occurs in the Colombian province of Valle del Cauca .
Gomphichis longifolia (Rolfe) Schltr. : It occurs in Bolivia.
Gomphichis longiscapa (Kraenzl.) Schltr. : It occurs in Colombia and Peru.
Gomphichis lozanoi S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis macbridei C. Schweinf. : It occurs from Ecuador to Peru.
Gomphichis magnicallosa S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis monstruosa S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis plantaginea Schltr. : It occurs from Ecuador to Peru.
Gomphichis plantaginifolia C. Schweinf. : It occurs from Peru to Bolivia.
Gomphichis pseudogoodyeroides S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.
Gomphichis renziana Szlach., S. Nowak & Paluch. : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Colombia.

Gomphichis salamancae S. Nowak & Szlach. : The species first described in 2014 occurs in Colombia.

Gomphichis scaposa Schltr. : It occurs in Colombia.

Gomphichis schneideri Szlach., S. Nowak & Paluch. : The species first described in 2013 occurs in Colombia.

Gomphichis steyermarkii Foldats : It occurs in northwestern Venezuela.

Gomphichis traceyae Rolfe (Syn .: Gomphichis brachystachys ) Schltr. : It occurs from northwestern Venezuela to Ecuador.

Gomphichis valida Rchb.f. : It occurs in Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru.

Gomphichis viscosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr. : It occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru and Guyana .

Individual evidence

↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Lidia I. Cabrera, Santiago Madriñán, Mark W. Chase: Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: Annals of Botany . tape 104 , no. 2 , 2009, ISSN 0305-7364 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcn257 .
↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Gomphichis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gomphichis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 6, 2016.

literature

Leslie A. Garay: 225 (1). Orchidaceae (Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae and Neottioideae) . In: Gunnar Harling, Benkt Sparre (ed.): Flora of Ecuador . tape 9 , 1978, ISSN 0347-8742 , p. 146 .
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 29-33 .
C. Schweinfurth: Orchids of Peru . In: Fieldiana . tape 30 , no. 1 , 1958, ISSN 0015-0746 , p. 78 .

Web links

Herable specimen of Gomphichis goodyeroides

[1] Gerardo A. Salazar, Lidia I. Cabrera, Santiago Madriñán, Mark W. Chase: Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: Annals of Botany . tape 104 , no. 2 , 2009, ISSN 0305-7364 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcn257 .

[2] Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Gomphichis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew .

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Gomphichis. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 6, 2016.