Cranichidinae

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Cranichidinae
Prescottia oligantha

Prescottia oligantha

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Cranichideae
Sub tribus : Cranichidinae
Scientific name
Cranichidinae
Lindl.

The cranichidinae are a subtribe of the family of orchids and include 15 genera . They are perennial , herbaceous plants that are native to tropical and subtropical America.

features

The terrestrial or, more rarely, epiphytic plants have a mostly short rhizome from which the leaf rosettes and the roots arranged in clusters arise. The roots are fleshy, hairy and in some species of velamen coated. The leaves are spiral, mostly they are petiolate, there is no separating tissue between the leaf base and blade.

The inflorescence is usually terminal, rarely lateral. It is unbranched and has several flowers . The inflorescence axis is provided with several bracts provided, the support sheets of the flowers are small, but foliage leaf-like. The ovary is hairy, as are often the petals. The flowers are not resupinated , so the lip is on top during flowering. Often the lip is concave to bag-like, in some species it forms a spur. The stamen contains two or four pollinia , whereby the pollen usually has a floury-soft consistency and only rarely forms a hard, firmly coherent mass. Each pollinium is connected to the common adhesive disc (viscidium) via a small stalk. The scar consists of only one surface.

distribution

Most species of the Cranichidinae originate from tropical America, especially from the higher elevations of the Andes. The genera Cranichis , Ponthieva and Prescottia have the most widespread distribution , each from the south of Brazil to Mexico in the north. Prescottia oligantha and Ponthieva brittoniae still reach Florida, Ponthieva racemosa also reach the subtropical southeast of the USA.

Systematics and botanical history

Ponthieva maculata
Cranichis candida

This group of genera was already summarized by Lindley in 1840. Dressler made a further subdivision, he distinguished two sub-tribes, Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae. The latter is a group of seven genera, but the close relationship to the eponymous Prescottia is questionable. The remaining six genres are probably closely related to one another, but Chase does not consider them to be classified as a separate subtribe . Sister taxons of the Cranichidinae are the Spiranthinae . The following cladogram results within the subtribes (not all genera included):




Stenoptera


   

Altensteinia


   

Gomphichis


   

Porphyrostachys


   

Myrosmodes


   

Aa







   


Prescottia tubulosa and Pseudocranichis thysanochila (= Galeoglossum )


   

Prescottia



   

Pterichis


   

Cranichis


   

Baskervilla and parts of Ponthieva


   

Parts of Ponthieva (including the type species, as well as Exalaria and Ocampoa )







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If the monotypical genera Exalaria and Ocampoa in Ponthieva (as Ponthieva fertilis or Ponthieva mexicana ) are included, the subtribe contains the following 15 genera:

literature

  • Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 119-123 .
  • Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (Eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 23-24 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn Rasmussen (eds.): Genera Orchidacearum. Orchidoideae (Part 2). Vanilloideae . tape 3/2 . Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford 2003, ISBN 0-19-850711-9 , pp. 23-24 .
  2. ^ A b Robert L. Dressler: Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45058-6 , pp. 119-123 .
  3. ↑ James D. Ackerman: Ponthieva . In: Flora of North America . tape 26 , p. 547 ff . ( efloras.org ).
  4. ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Mark W. Chase, Miguel A. Soto Arenas, Martin Ingrouille: Phylogenetics of Cranichideae with emphasis on Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae, Orchidoideae): evidence from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 90 , no. 5 , 2003, p. 777-795 .
  5. ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar, Lidia I. Cabrera, Santiago Madriñán, Mark W. Chase: Phylogenetic relationships of Cranichidinae and Prescottiinae (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequences . In: Annals of Botany . tape 104 , 2009, p. 403-416 , doi : 10.1093 / aob / mcn257 .
  6. ↑ Aída Álvarez-Molina, Kenneth M. Cameron: Molecular phylogenetics of Prescottiinae s. l. and their close allies (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae) inferred from plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 96 , no. 5 , 2009, p. 1020-1040 , doi : 10.3732 / ajb.0800219 .
  7. ↑ Gerardo A. Salazar: DNA, Morphology, and Systematics of Galeoglossum (Orchidaceae, Cranichidinae) . In: Alec Pridgeon, JP Suarez (Ed.): Proceedings of the Second Scientific Conference on Andean Orchids . 2008, p. 161-172 .
  8. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on December 7, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Cranichidinae  - collection of images, videos and audio files