Gomphocerippus
| Gomphocerippus | ||||||||||||
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Red mace insect ( Gomphocerippus rufus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gomphocerippus | ||||||||||||
| Roberts , 1941 |
Gomphocerippus is a genus of the grasshopper familywithin the short-antennae terrors with two species, one of which also occurs in Central Europe.
features
The species of the genus have the typical body shape of the short-antennae terrors. When viewed from above, the head is short and the vertex dimples long and narrow. The shape of the antennae is an essential feature for distinguishing between similar genera . These are long and slender in both sexes and widened to a club at the end, with a contrasting white-colored tip. On the pronotum there are clear, angularly bent side keels, the rear edge is slightly drawn forward in the middle. The fore wings, which are designed as tegmina , and the hind wings are both well developed, they reach at least the tip of the hind legs. The animals are able to fly. The front edge of the forewings has a distinct bulge-like extension (precostal field) as in the genus Chorthippus . The media field is not expanded.
distribution
The genus, in its currently accepted description, comprises two species. Gomphocerippus rufus lives in almost all of Europe, in western Asia over the Caucasus to Kazakhstan in Central Asia. Gomphocerippus longipennis lives in China, so far only proven in the Great Hinggan Mountains near Mohe in the province of Heilongjiang , in sparse pine forests. The species was only newly described in 2016.
Phylogeny and Systematics
The name of the genus was adopted by the British entomologist Howard Radclyffe Roberts in 1941 as a replacement name for Gomphocerus auct. nec Thunberg introduced. Up until then this name had been mistakenly used for the red club terrier , but Thunberg's description referred to a different species, the Siberian club horror ( Gomphocerus sibiricus , until then Aeropus sibiricus ). The type species is therefore Gryllus rufus Linnaeus, 1758. Until the new description of Gomphocerippus longipennis , the genus was regarded as monotypical .
Genetic studies have shown without any doubt that if this genus were recognized, the large genus Chorthippus would become paraphyletic . Gomphocerippus is very closely related to the Chorthippus biguttulus species group in the subgenus Glypotobotrus . Since this genus needs a revision anyway, most researchers have decided to leave the conventional genera in their old definition until then. In contrast to this, Bernard Defaut has merged the species of the subgenus Glyptobotrus and Gomphocerippus under this generic name (for reasons of priority). However, this solution has not yet caught on.
swell
- Jürgen Fischer, Daniela Steinlechner, Andreas Zehm, Dominik Poniatowski, Thomas Fartmann, Armin Beckmann, Christian Stettmer: The locusts of Germany and North Tyrol. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Wiebelsheim 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01670-2 .
- Jun-Jian Li, Bing-Zhong Ren, An Li: Study of the genus Gomphocerippus (Orthoptera, Acridoidea, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) with a new species from northeast China. In: Zootaxa. Volume 4072, No. 5, 2016, pp. 585-588. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.4072.5.6 .
- O. Hawlitschek, J. Morinière, GUC Lehmann, AW Lehmann, M. Kropf, A. Dunz, F. Glaw, M. Detcharoen, S. Schmidt, A. Hausmann, NU Szucsich, SA Caetano-Wyler, G. Haszprunar: DNA barcoding of crickets, katydids and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) from Central Europe with focus on Austria, Germany and Switzerland. In: Molecular Ecology Resources. Volume 17, 2016, pp. 1037-1053. doi: 10.1111 / 1755-0998.12638
- Sheng-Quan Xu, Zhe-Min Zheng, Hou-Hun Li, Makio Takeda: Cladistics and Phylogenetic Analyzes of the Grasshopper Genus Chorthippus Fever (Orthoptera: Acrididae). In: Journal of Entomological Science. Volume 40, No. 4, 2005, pp. 461-470. doi: 10.18474 / 0749-8004-40.4.461
- genus Gomphocerippus Roberts, 1941 . Orthoptera Species File online, version 5.0 / 5.0.
- H. Radclyffe Roberts: Nomenclature in the Orthoptera concerning genotype designations. In: Transactions of the American Entomological Society. Volume 67, No. 1/2, 1941, pp. 1-34. (on-line)
- Bernard Defaut: Implications taxonomiques et nomenclaturales de publications récentes en phylogénie moléculaire: 1. Les Gomphocerinae de France (Orthoptera, Acrididae). In: Matériaux Orthoptériques et Entomocénotiques. Volume 17, 2012, pp. 15-20.