Volyn Governorate

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Coat of arms of the governorate
Map from 1821, Russian-Polish

The government Volyn ( Russian Волынская губерния / Wolynskaja Gubernija ) was in the southwestern part of the Russian Empire and bordered on the provinces Grodno , Minsk , Kiev , Podolia until 1912 at the Russian-Polish provinces of Lublin and Sjedlez , then to the newly formed government of Chelm and to the to Austria belonging Galicia . It covered 71,853 km². The capital was Zhitomir (ukr: Zhytomyr ). The governorate was divided into twelve districts:

history

For older history see: Wolhynien , Halytsch-Wolhynien

During the second and third partition of Poland , the area came to Russia. From 1793 to 1795 there was an Isjaslav governorate, which included areas that fell during the second division. This was expanded with the third division and the governorate was formed in a later form from areas of the former Polish Voivodeships of Volhynia and Kiev . 1795-1804 was the capital Novgorod-Wolinsky. It was under the governor-general of Kiev, along with the rest of western Ukraine .

After the First World War , after some vicissitudes in the civil war, it was divided: the western part around Lutsk and Rovno came to Poland , where a new Volhynian Voivodeship was formed, the eastern part fell to the Ukrainian SSR .

statistics

The population was 2,989,482 in 1897 (41.7 per 1 km²).

There were 2,095,579 Ukrainians, 104,889 Russians, 394,774 Jews, 184,161 Poles, 171,331 Germans and 27,670 Czechs . According to the confession, 71% were Orthodox, 13.2% Jewish, 9.9% Roman Catholic, 5.8% Lutheran.

37% of the area was in fields, 32% in forest, 18.2% in meadows and pastures, 12.3% in wasteland. The main sources of income were agriculture, especially in the south, cattle breeding, forest culture in the north (with profit in lumber, pitch and tar), fishing, hunting and fruit growing. The harvest delivered in tons: wheat 303,728, rye 564,861, barley 133,889, buckwheat 70,897, millet 38,802, oats 341,694, potatoes 968,322, also sugar beet with 368,302 tons and tobacco. In 1904, the cattle population was 700,000 horses, 1,132,000 head of cattle, 820,000 coarse and 115,000 fine-wool sheep, 1,010,000 pigs, 10,000 goats.

Industry was still on a low level. In 1900: 1827 there were commercial enterprises with 19,511 workers, including 16 sugar factories. This was followed by flour mills, distilleries and wood sawmills. Minerals were mined: china clay, pottery clay, granite, graphite and yellow amber from the vicinity of Dubno . The trade especially sold grain and wood products abroad. The most important trading centers were Dubno, Zhitomir, Ostrog and Radsiwilow (Ukrainian Radywyliw ).

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