Volyn Voivodeship (1921–1939)

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Coat of arms of the Volyn Voivodeship
Administrative divisions of the Second Polish Republic, Volyn Voivodeship highlighted in red

The Volyn Voivodeship ( Polish Województwo wołyńskie ) was an administrative unit of the Second Polish Republic in the years 1921-1939 . The capital of the voivodeship was Łuck .

location and size

The voivodeship with the cities of Łuck , Równe , Kowel , Krzemieniec , Ostróg , Włodzimierz and Dubno extended over the central part of eastern Poland .

It bordered the Polesian Voivodeship in the north, the Soviet Union in the east, the Tarnopol Voivodeship in the south, the Lviv Voivodeship in the south-west and the Lublin Voivodeship in the west .

The landscape was flat and hilly, determined in the north by the Polesian wetland ( Pripyat Marshes ). According to the statistics of January 1, 1937, 23.7% of the land area was covered with forest, slightly more than the 22.2% national average.

In 1921 the voivodeship covered an area of ​​30,276 km². The 19 cities and 95 rural communities were divided into 10 powiats . With the incorporation of the Sarny Powiat from the Polesian Voivodeship in 1930, the area was then 35,754 km² in 1939.

history

After the First World War

With the collapse of Tsarist Russia, the Bolsheviks came to power there and wanted to spread their workers 'and soldiers' councils to Central and Western Europe. At the same time, Poland sought the complete restoration of its national territory from before 1772. These reluctant goals led to the outbreak of the Polish-Soviet War , which ended with the Peace of Riga . This established the Polish-Soviet border and awarded the western half of the Volhynian governorate to Poland. On February 4, 1921, the Volyn Voivodeship was founded.

The powiat Ostrog existed until the end of 1924 and was continued in other dimensions as powiat Zdołbunów , on January 1, 1925, the powiat Kostopol was created by spinning off parts of the powiat Równo .

On December 16, 1930, the powiat Sarny , previously a part of the Polesian Voivodeship, became a part of the Voivodeship.

Second World War

As agreed in the German-Soviet non-aggression pact , the Soviets attacked Poland from the east. In September 1939 the region fell to the Soviet Union and, with the start of the German campaign against the Soviets, to Germany for about three years. In the period from 1941 to 1944, all ethnic groups were subjected to reprisals, deportations, murders and massacres .

After the war

After 1945, the territories were part of the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet annexation and the Polish population to Poland, especially in the former territories of the German Reich , relocated .

The region has been part of independent Ukraine since 1991 .

Voivodes of the Volyn Voivodeship

1921 -9999: Stanisław Jan Krzakowski
1921 -9999: Tadeusz Łada
1921 -9999: Stanisław Downarowicz
1921–1922: Tadeusz Dworakowski
1922–1923: Mieczysław Mickiewicz
1923–1924: Stanisław Srokowski
1924–1925: Bolesław Olszewski
1925–1926: Aleksander Dębski
1926–1928: Władysław Mech
1928–1929: Henryk Józewski
1930 -9999: Józef Śleszyński
1930–1938: Henryk Józewski
1938–1939: Aleksander Hauke-Nowak

Administrative subdivision (1934)

Administrative division of the voivodeship in 1939

Powiat Dubno consisting of the cities of Dubno and Radziwiłłów and the Gminas :

Powiat Horochów consisting of the towns of Beresteczko and Horochów and the Gminas :

Powiat Kostopol consisting of the cities of Bereźne and Kostopol as well as the Gminas :

Powiat Kowel consisting of the cities of Kowel and Ratno as well as the Gminas :

Powiat Krzemieniec consisting of the town of Krzemieniec and the Gminas :

Powiat Luboml consisting of the city of Luboml and the Gminas :

Powiat Łuck consisting of the cities of Łuck, Ołyka and Rożyszcze as well as the Gminas :

Powiat Równe consisting of the towns of Korzec , Równe and Zdołbunów as well as the Gminas :

Powiat Sarny consisting of the towns of Dąbrowica , Rokitno , Sarny and Włodzimierzec as well as the Gminas :

Powiat Włodzimierz consisting of the towns of Uściług and Włodzimierz and the Gminas :

Powiat Zdołbunów consisting of the cities of Ostróg and Zdołbunów and the Gminas :

population

The Volyn Voivodeship was one of the six voivodeships in Eastern Poland during the interwar period . Its area was 35,754 km², the population was 2,085,600 (according to the 1931 census), which resulted in a population density of 58 people / km². The majority of the population made up 1,426,900 (68.0%) of the Ukrainians, 1,377,700 of whom lived in the countryside. The second largest group of the population was made up of 346,600 (16.6%) Poles, the third largest with 9.9% Jews.

Inhabitants of Volyn Voivodeship by religion and mother tongue 1931 (in thousands, rounded up)
Denomination total native language
Polish Ukrainian Belarusian Russian Czech German Hebrew or Yiddish other or k. A.
total 2085.6 346.6 1426.9 2.4 23.4 31.0 46.9 205.5 2.9
Roman Catholic 327.9 317.7 2.0 0.1 0.2 7.3 0.2 - 0.4
gr.-cath. 1455.9 20.2 1388.0 2.2 22.8 21.6 - - 1.1
orthodox 11.1 1.2 9.7 0.2 0.1 - - - 0.1
evangelical 53.4 4.6 5.3 - 0.1 1.3 42.2 - 0.1
mosaic 207.8 2.0 0.1 - - - - 205.5 0.1
other or k. A. 29.5 1.1 21.7 - 0.2 0.8 4.5 - 1.1
Volyn Voivodeship with powiats

Important cities were:

See also

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20170917104732/http://www.szukamypolski.com/strona/wojewodztwo/16
  2. ↑ Drugi powszechny spis ludności z dnia 7 grudnia 1931 r. Mieszkania i gospodarstwa domowe. Ludność. Stosunki zawodowe. Województwo wołyńskie. Volume 70, Warsaw 1938, p. 22. Quoted from: Cornelia Schenke: Nationstaat and national question. Poles and the Ukrainians 1921–1939. Hamburg / Munich 2004, p. 29.
  3. ↑ also believers in the Armenian Catholic rite.
  4. ↑ also believers in the Eastern Catholic rite (Neounion)