Magnitude (speed)
This is a compilation of speeds of different magnitudes for comparison purposes. The information is often to be understood as “typical values”; the converted values are rounded.
The basic unit of speed in the international system of units is 1 meter per second ( unit symbol m / s ), the formula symbol v . The following conversions apply:
- 1 m / s = 3.6 km / h
- 1 km / h = 0.278 m / s
- 1 kn = 1.852 km / h = 0.514 m / s
Speeds up to 1 m / s
- 0.11 mm / a ≈ 3.5 pm / s: The mean growth rate of stalactites
- 2.15 cm / a = 681 pm / s: speed of the African plate
- 3 nm / s (1.5 m in 16 years): average body growth rate of humans
- 15 cm / a ≈ 4.8 nm / s: speed of growth of the human head hair
- 0.5 mm / s (approx. 10 m in 6 hours): approx. Maximum average speed of the tidal rise
- 0.8 mm / s: typical snail speed
- 1 cm / s = 0.60 m / min: typical righting speed when salvaging a capsized large ship
- 4.76 cm / s: tape speed of a compact cassette
- 51.4 cm / s = 1.852 km / h: 1 knot
- 55 cm / s (2 km / h): typical speed of the wheel chain when driving at 20 km / h
- 53.2 cm / s: peripheral speed of a long-playing record
1 m / s to 10 m / s
- 1.5 m / s (approx. 5 km / h): pedestrians
- 5.5 m / s (20 km / h): cyclists
- 7 m / s (25 km / h): maximum permitted moped speed in Germany
10 m / s to 100 m / s
- 10.35 m / s (37.3 km / h): World class sprinter (average value in the 200-meter sprint )
- ≈30 m / s (≈110 km / h): Fastest fish ( sailfish )
- ≈30 m / s (≈110 km / h): Fastest land animal ( cheetah )
- 36.1 m / s (130 km / h): Recommended speed on German autobahns , maximum speed on autobahns in many countries
100 m / s to 1000 m / s
- 119 m / s (430 km / h): fastest scheduled travel speed of a rail-bound train ( Transrapid Shanghai )
- 159.7 m / s (574.8 km / h): World record for rail vehicles: TGV
- 233 m / s (850 km / h): Fastest piston-powered aircraft: Rare Bear
- 240 m / s (860 km / h): Typical cruising speed of a passenger jet
- 341 m / s (1228 km / h): world record for cars ( ThrustSSC )
- 343.4 m / s (1236 km / h): speed of sound in air at 20 ° C ( Mach 1 )
- 465 m / s (1674 km / h): speed of rotation of the earth at the equator
- 647 m / s (2330 km / h): Maximum cruising speed of the Concorde
- 715 m / s (2574 km / h): a projectile velocity Kalashnikov in the caliber of 7.62 x 39 mm
- 833 m / s (3000 km / h): Top speed of the MiG-31 (Mach 2.83) at high altitudes
1 km / s to 10 km / s
- 1.023 km / s: Average orbital speed of the moon around the earth
- 3.075 km / s: orbital speed of a geostationary satellite
- 3.1 km / s (11,265 km / h): fastest aircraft with air-breathing engines ( Boeing X-43A )
- 4 km / s: earthquake waves
- 5.9 km / s: speed of sound in steel
- 7.9 km / s: orbit speed of a satellite in low earth orbit
- 8.4 km / s: Detonation speed of the explosive Nitropenta
10 km / s to 100 km / s
- 10 km / s: speed of impact of a large meteorite
- 11.1 km / s: Highest speed reached by humans ( Apollo 10 during re-entry into the earth's atmosphere, relative to earth)
- 11.2 km / s: Escape speed of the earth
- 14.36 km / s (51,704 km / h): Take-off speed of Pioneer 10
- 16.21 km / s: Highest flight speed ever achieved by the New Horizons space probe when it took off from Earth
- 29.8 km / s: Average orbital speed of the earth around the sun
- 47.9 km / s: Mean orbit speed of Mercury
- 59.6 km / s: Jupiter's escape speed
- 70.2 km / s: Helios (probe) relative to the sun (fastest man-made technical object)
- approx. 73 km / s: speed with which objects move away from the earth at a distance of one Mpc ( Hubble constant )
- 100 km / s: Maximum speed of the metal spike that a shaped charge can generate when detonated
Greater speeds
- ≈ 30 to 200 km / s: Runaway stars
- ≈ 220 km / s: speed of the sun around the center of the Milky Way
- ≈ 600 km / s: speed of a galaxy
- ≈ 800–900 km / s: fast solar wind
- ≈ 1000 km / s: speed of removal of the local group from the Virgo supercluster
- ≈ 1200 km / s: Star US 708 , the fastest known hyper-speed runner that will leave the Milky Way
- at least up to 10000 km / s: Stars near Sagittarius A *
- ≈ 10,000 to 20,000 km / s: speed of alpha particles during radioactive decay
- ≈ 124,000 km / s: speed of light in diamond (relatively slow, because of high refractive index )
- over 200,000 km / s: speed of some cosmic jets (70% of the speed of light)
- 299,792.4549 km / s: Speed of the protons in the LHC in 2015 (6.5 TeV )
- 299,792.457996 km / s: speed of electrons in the LEP (104.5 GeV )
- 299,792.458 km / s: speed of light in a vacuum (exact value)
- > 299,792.458 km / s: speed of hypothetical tachyons
- ≈ 365,000 km / s: the speed at which two objects move away from each other at a distance of 5,000 Mpc due to the expansion of the universe .
- ≈ 2,000,000 km / s: Speed with which two objects move away from each other at maximum distance in the observable universe due to the expansion of the universe .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Records_der_manned_space # Historie_4
- ↑ Contribution to Pioneer 10 on SPON
- ^ The Shortest Known Period Star Orbiting our Galaxy's Supermassive Black Hole . October 4, 2012, arxiv : 1210.1294 .