Green compact (mushroom)
| Green compact | ||||||||||||
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Greenling ( Tricholoma equestre ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Tricholoma equestre | ||||||||||||
| ( L .: Fr. ) P. Kumm. |
The greenling ( Tricholoma equestre ) is a type of mushroom from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae), which in the past was often collected as an edible mushroom and offered at the markets. After the mushroom caused muscle weakness (rhabdomyolysis) in some people, sometimes with fatal outcome, we advise against consumption.
In Germany, the green compact falls under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance .
features
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The hat is between 5 and 15 centimeters wide and is yellow-green to brownish-green in color. In the middle it is often darker in color and has a hump. The hat skin is greasy and covered with attached scales. The closely spaced lamellae are tinted lemon yellow to sulfur yellow. The stem can be up to 10 centimeters long and is whitish to greenish in color. The flesh is white, but often yellow-green in the stem bark. The smell and taste are farinaceous. The spore powder is white.
Species delimitation
The yellow-green knightling ( Tricholoma flavovirens ) and the pine forest greenling ( Tricholoma auratum ) are not recognized by some authors as separate species, but rather as deviations from the type species T. equestre . Similar is also the poisonous sulfur knight ( Tricholoma sulphureum ), which has lamellas standing away from it and a smell of luminous gas . The green and yellow knight ( Tricholoma sejunctum ) has whitish lamellae. The violet knight ( Tricholoma nudum ) is purple to reddish brown.
Ecology and diffusion
The green compact is found mainly in the coniferous forest. It is preferred on sandy soils and under pine trees. The fungus is rare.
toxicology
The green compact was considered edible until the publication of a French study in 2001. The scientific findings contained therein showed that the green compact should be removed from the list of edible mushrooms. This is because the fungus had triggered muscle weakness ( rhabdomyolysis ) described as Tricholoma equestre syndrome in several people , which in some cases was fatal. In France, between 1992 and 2000, twelve people fell ill after consuming the green product, three of whom died as a result of the poisoning. From the specified source:
“ Research by French scientists suggests that the fungus can cause rhabdomyolysis in certain sensitive people. There is a suspicion of a direct muscle toxin in Tricholoma equestre , which may be effective in the case of genetic sensitivity if a certain intake level is exceeded, for example after repeated mushroom meals. "
In 2010 a German health insurance company mistakenly recommended the green compact to the readers of its member magazine as "edible". The error was later corrected and the cash register expressly warned against consuming the mushroom. The approximately 1.6 million members of the health insurance company received a corresponding warning in the mail.
Web links
- The green compact on www.pilzfotopage.de
swell
- Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Determine accurately with the 3-check . 3. Edition. BLV, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-405-16128-2 , p. 100 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Entry on Violetter Ritterling / Tricholoma nudum in the Austria Forum (Austrian Flora) accessed on January 4, 2011
- ↑ a b Medical reports in the event of poisoning according to Section 16e of the Chemicals Act 2001 . In: Report of the "Central Registration Office for Poisonings, Dangerous Substances and Preparations, Environmental Medicine in the Federal Institute for Consumer Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine for 2001. 2001, p. 65 ( bund.de [PDF; 369 kB ]).
- ↑ Health insurance recommends toadstool as edible. In: Doctors newspaper online . September 25, 2010, accessed October 25, 2014 .
- ↑ mik / dapd: Health insurance recommends poison mushroom for consumption. In: Spiegel Online . September 25, 2010, accessed October 25, 2014 .