Green-fronted lancet beak

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Green-fronted lancet beak
Green-fronted lancet beak

Green-fronted lancet beak

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Genre : Doryfera
Type : Green-fronted lancet beak
Scientific name
Doryfera ludovicae
( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1847)

The green-fronted lancet beak ( Doryfera ludovicae ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large distribution area that extends over the countries of Costa Rica , Panama , Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The green-forehead lancet beak reaches a body length of 10.4 cm with a weight of 5.7 g. The beak, which is straight slightly curved upwards, is 3.6 cm long. The males have a green glittering front skull, the rest of the skull is reddish copper. The back is black bronze green with a bluish tint on the rump . The underside is sooty gray and only vaguely green in color. The rounded blue-black tail is only slightly dotted with gray at the outer corners. The coloring of the female is overall more cloudy than that of the male with a bronze-green skull. In both sexes, the head appears brownish, which stands out clearly from the color of the front skull.

behavior

They often sit on branches with their beak pointing upwards. They usually fly to the flower of the central strata in quick succession, which they then visit again and again (traplining). Occasionally, however, their foraging leads them to the higher treetops. They prefer bushes with hanging flower stems such as heather and mistletoe , in front of which they buzz without clinging. Extremely territorial behavior in the struggle for food sources has been observed in Costa Rica .

Reproduction

They build the goblet-shaped nest from fern scales, mosses and cobwebs that they build on roots or within moss on rocky outcrops or dark ravines.

Vocalizations

When foraging for food, they utter two to three intermittent beeping, staccato-like sounds.

distribution and habitat

They are only found sporadically in moist, mossy mountain forests. In Venezuela they are found almost exclusively around 20 km from Mérida , at altitudes between 1600 and 2200 meters. In Colombia they can be found on all three Andean mountain ranges at altitudes between 900 and 2700 meters. They are most common in the Cueva de los Guácharos National Park . In Ecuador they are mostly found at altitudes between 1100 and 1700 meters. Here they occur in the east and west Andes, but in the west only in the south as far as the province of Cotopaxi . For a long time the subspecies was considered Doryfera ludovicae rectirostris in Ecuador , until John Todd Zimmer classified it as a synonym for the nominate form in 1950. In Peru they occur in the east and their foothills at altitudes between 800 and 2850 meters.

Subspecies

Distribution area of ​​the green-forehead lancet beak

Two subspecies of the species are known so far.

  • Doryfera ludovicae veraguensis Salvin , 1867 - This subspecies occurs in Costa Rica and western Panama. The front upper head is significantly darker, the beak a little longer and the underside significantly blacker than in the nominate form.
  • Doryfera ludovicae ludovicae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1847) - The nominate form is common in eastern Panama, Colombia and western Venezuela to northwest Bolivia.

Doryfera rectirostris Gould , 1861 and Doryfera ludovicae grisea Carriker Jr , 1935 are now considered synonyms for the nominate form.

Etymology and history of research

Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the green-fronted lancet beak under the name Trochilus ludovicae . The type specimen came from the Republic of New Granada . In 1847 John Gould introduced the genus Doryfera for the green-fronted lancet beak and the blue-fronted lancet beak ( Doryfera johannae ( Bourcier , 1847)). This name is derived from the Greek words dory , doratos , δορυ, δορατος for 'spear' and pherō , φερω for 'carry'. The species name "ludovicae" is Louise Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1810–1855) born. Dedicated to Blacque-Belair. "Veraguensis" refers to the province of Veraguas , the area where Enrique Arée collected the type specimen. "Rectirostris" is derived from the Latin words rectus, regere for 'straight, straighten out' and -rostris, rostum for '-beaked, beak'. “Grisea” comes from the Latin griseum, griseus, grisius for “gray”.

literature

  • Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de ).
  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown: A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( books.google.de ).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy . tape 1 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 .
  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg, Douglas Forrester Stotz, Daniel Franklin Lane, John Patton O'Neill, Theodore Albert Parker III : Birds of Peru . Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 2007, ISBN 978-0-7136-8673-9 .
  • John Todd Zimmer : Studies of Peruvian birds. No. 55, The hummingbird genera Doryfera, Glaucis, Threnetes, and Phaethornis . In: American Museum Novitates . No. 1449 , 1950, pp. 1-52 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description d'une espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches (Trochilus Ludovicae) . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 10 , 1847, p. 136 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  • Osbert Salvin: On some collections of birds from Veragua . In: Proceedings of Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London of the Year 1867 . 1867, p. 129-160 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: Drafts for a new arrangement of the Trochilidae, with the characters of two new Genera and descriptions of three new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 171 , 1847, pp. 94-196 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • John Gould: An introduction to the Trochilidæ: or family of humming-birds . Taylor and Francis, London 1861 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Melbourne Armstrong Carriker Jr .: Descriptions of New Birds from Bolivia, with Notes on Other Little-Known Species . In: Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia . tape 87 , 1935, pp. 313-347 , JSTOR : 4064218 .

Web links

Commons : Green-fronted Lancet-Beak ( Doryfera ludovicae )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steven Leon Hilty et al. a. (2002), p. 397.
  2. ↑ a b c d Steven Leon Hilty u. a., p. 398.
  3. ↑ Steven Leon Hilty et al. a. (1986), p. 258.
  4. ↑ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al. a., p. 340f.
  5. ↑ John Todd Zimmer, pp. 3f.
  6. ↑ Thomas Scott Schulenberg, p. 230.
  7. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  8. ^ Osbert Salvin, p. 154.
  9. ^ Osbert Salvin, p. 155.
  10. ↑ a b c Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 136.
  11. ^ John Gould (1861), p. 71.
  12. ↑ Melbourne Armstrong Carriker Jr., p. 317.
  13. ^ John Gould (1847), p. 95.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 139.
  15. ↑ Osbert Salvin, p. 129.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 331.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 178.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Trochilus Louise is a synonym for Doryfera ludovicae , Trochilus (Doryfera) violifrons for Doryfera johannae .