Gremmeniella abietina
| Gremmeniella abietina | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infested branch |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gremmeniella abietina | ||||||||||||
| ( Lagerberg ) M. Morelet |
The fungus Gremmeniella abietina , partly still known by the synonyms Ascocalyx abietina and Scleroderris abietina , is the cause of Scleroderris disease in conifers . Scleroderris disease is one of the most important tree diseases in Europe, North America and also East Asia.
features
To the dead buds and shoots it comes in the first year of illness in the formation of pycnidia . In these, typical crescent-shaped, curved conidia are formed, which are two- to six-cell and colorless and are 24–50 × 2.5 to 3 μm in size. The main fruit form only develops in the second year through the formation of brown-black apothecaries 0.5 to 1 mm in size . Their asci contain colorless, three- to four-cell and 14 to 20 × 3.3 to 5 μm ascospores .
ecology
The fungus triggers the so-called Scleroderris disease, the clinical picture of which is characterized by shoot death, which, depending on the tree species and virulence, is accompanied by damage to the bark. The fungus has a very broad host range from almost 50 tree species from 7 different genera of the pine family . In Central Europe, the black pine is particularly affected, but also spruce , Swiss stone pine , strobe , coastal pine , forest pine and silver fir . In the case of the black pine, the first symptoms appear in the winter half-year: the bud base turns brown and the bud becomes resinous. If the long shoot is infected, the long shoot scales turn brown. In spring the needles turn brown from the tip of the shoots down and fall off. In the course of the formation of replacement shoots, dormant buds sprout below the dead areas, which leads to bushing.
In the spruce, damage occurs when the fungus migrates into the main trunk via the side branches, so that the overlying part of the crown dies while the needles turn brown.
The spread of the fungus is promoted by rainy summers; However, (temporary) recovery is possible in dry summers. With chronic development, however, trees can also die off completely.
Synonyms
- Brunchorstia pinea (P. Karst.) Höhn .: anamorphic
- Lagerbergia abietina (Lagerberg)
- Ascocalyx abietina Lagerberg
- Scleroderris abietina Lagerberg
- Scleroderris lagerbergii
supporting documents
- Heinz Butin : Diseases of the forest and park trees . Georg Thieme Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-13-639002-4 , pp. 75ff
- Gremmeniella abietina
