Osimo contract

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The Treaty of Osimo ( Italian Trattato di Osimo , Serbo-Croatian Osimski sporazum , Slovenian Osimski sporazumi ) is an international treaty between Yugoslavia and Italy , which was signed on November 10, 1975 in Osimo near Ancona . After its ratification and the exchange of the instruments of ratification in Belgrade , the French-language treaty entered into force on October 11, 1977.

The French title is called Traité pour la délimitation de la frontière pour la partie non indiquée comme telle dans le Traité de paix du 10 février 1947 (avec annexes, échanges de lettre set acte final). Signé à Osimo (Ancona) on November 10th 1975 . On the contract itself, however, it simply says Traité entre la République italienne et la République socialiste fédérative de Yougoslavie .

The treaty finally sealed the de facto division of the former Free Territory of Trieste between Italy and Yugoslavia , which had already taken place in 1954 with the London Memorandum . Italy renounced all claims to the former Zone B of the Free Territory that had existed between 1947 and 1954 around the port city of Trieste ; in return, Yugoslavia recognized that the former Zone A and thus the city of Trieste belonged to Italy.

Intra-Italian criticism

The Italian government received severe criticism in its own country for the conclusion of the treaty. On the one hand, the nationalist camp, led by the neo-fascist Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), categorically refused to renounce Istria. On the other hand, the treaty did not link the renunciation of territory to specific provisions for the protection of the Italian minority in Yugoslavia (conversely, the Slovenian minority had been granted rights within the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region established in 1963 ). The question of the Italian minority protection was postponed to later, separately negotiated protocols. Many Italians who left Istria after World War II felt that the government in Rome had “betrayed” and abandoned them.

This delicate situation also prompted the Italian government not to have the foreign minister sign an international treaty for the first time. For Italy, Eugenio Carbone , Director General of the Ministry of Industry, signed on behalf of Prime Minister Aldo Moro and Foreign Minister Mariano Rumor . Foreign Minister Miloš Minić signed for Yugoslavia . After the signing, domestic ratification was delayed until 1977, not least because of the domestic political turmoil in Rome.

Economic cooperation

At the same time as the actual agreement, an agreement on mutual economic cooperation ( Accord sur la promotion de la cooperation economique entre la Republique Italienne et la Repulique Socialiste Federative de Yougoslavie ) and a protocol on free trade zones ( Protocole sur la zone libre ) were concluded with the Among other things, Yugoslavia was guaranteed free access to the port of Trieste . The practical significance of these two documents, however, lagged far behind that of the border treaty.

Continued validity for Slovenia and Croatia

After Slovenia's independence was declared in 1991 and internationally recognized in 1992 , the question of whether the treaty would continue to apply to the former Yugoslav republic arose. However, this question was defused by an explicit declaration by Slovenia to recognize the treaty. A solution to this question had been made by Italy a condition for Slovenia's accession to the European Union .

In relation to Croatia (independent since 1991/1992) a comparable clear statement is still pending; However, this is of much less importance for Italy, since the Croatian part of the former Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste does not directly border Italy.

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