Grindel (Hamburg)
The Grindel is a quarter in the Hamburg-Rotherbaum district with the center at Allende-Platz (formerly Bornplatz ) and the adjacent area of the Grindelberg to the north , which is now part of the Harvestehude district. Documented mentions of the forest and wetland area west of the dam gate (built later) can be found from the 14th century.
Surname
The etymology of the place name is unclear. It could refer to the natural barrier that the forest-moor area offered against attackers ( ahd. Grindel : bolt, post, in the broader sense also locking devices, palisade work). Alternatively, it could also be an ancient name for boggy, swampy landscape traversed by (draining) rivers . This area was u. a. drained north by the old Isebek .
university
The main building is near the Dammtorbahnhof not far from the main campus (Von-Melle-Park) with the State and University Library Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky , the Audimax and several other teaching buildings. On the other side of Grindelallee, other teaching buildings are grouped around Martin-Luther-King-Platz. The Geomatikum near the Schlump underground station forms the end to the west .
More about the university in the article Universität Hamburg .
Attractions
- The Grindel skyscrapers , initially planned as the headquarters of the British occupation troops, the first construction project of the Hamburg reconstruction
- There are numerous listed buildings in the street Grindelhof. Named around 1860 after a former forest area; 2001 partially traffic-calmed.
- Post Office 13 , the city's former long-distance switching office in Schlüterstrasse, was built between 1902 and 1907 according to plans by Paul Schuppan and Willy Sucksdorff.
- Synagogue memorial on Joseph-Carlebach-Platz . The floor inlay made of polished granite and rough paving stones depicts the vaulted ceiling of the former main synagogue of the German-Israelite community in Hamburg. The so-called Bornplatz Synagogue stood on this square from 1906 to 1939. The monument was inaugurated on November 9, 1988, 50 years after the building was destroyed. The monument design comes from the Hamburg artist Margrit Kahl .
A center of Jewish life in Hamburg
history
With the growth of Hamburg in the 19th century, the Grindelviertel developed into the center of the local Jewish communities . One expression of this was the construction of several new synagogues , the best known being the New Dammtor Synagogue (1895) and the Bornplatz Synagogue (1906). In addition, institutions such as the Talmud Torah School at Grindelhof and the German-Israelite Orphan Institute at Papendamm were established. The former Jewish cemetery on Grindel served as the main cemetery for the High German Israelite Community and the Portuguese Community in Hamburg from 1835 to 1909.
In 1933, when power was handed over to the National Socialists , around 25,000 members of Jewish communities lived in the Grindelviertel. Most synagogues and community facilities were destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938. The synagogue on Bornplatz was set on fire and demolished. Then the bunker was built. The synagogue of the Temple Association of Israelite Temples at Oberstrasse 120 (today: the large broadcasting hall of the NDR ) remained undamaged because the local police station was housed in the neighboring house at that time. It would have been difficult to convey that this would have happened here without the knowledge and tolerance of the regulatory authorities. The closure after the November pogroms in 1938 was nevertheless enforced.
From 1941, the remaining Jews, if they had not managed to escape, were deported to Eastern Europe and murdered there. From 1942, Jews had to move from their apartments to Dillstrasse 15. The collection point for the deportations was on Moorweidenstrasse between the main building of the university and the Carl von Ossietzky State and University Library and is now called the Place of the Jewish Deportees .
Talmud Torah School
On June 30, 1942, the Talmud Torah School was closed, along with all Jewish teaching institutions in the Hanseatic city. Of the 28 teachers, three survived.
After the war, the British crew set up an officers' club in the school. Various departments of the university were there until 1968, after which budding librarians were trained there.
The school was handed over by the city to the Jewish Life Foundation on June 30, 2004 , which the Jewish community founded, among other things, for the purpose of rebuilding the Talmud Torah School. The building opened as a Jewish community center in June 2007.
The Josef Carlebach School has been located in the former Talmud Torah School since August 28, 2007. This is a Jewish primary school up to grade 5. Among other things, kosher food is offered there for the children, as well as Jewish religious studies and Hebrew.
See main article Talmud Torah School .
today
Even today, the Grindel is a center for the approx. 4000 Jews living in Hamburg. The synagogue of the Jewish community in Hohe Weide is not far away. Since Orthodox Jews have to go to the synagogue on foot on the Sabbath, Grindel is a popular Jewish residential area.
Among other things, there is the Jewish salon, which is attached to the Café Leonar. There are literary readings in the Jewish salon, and in the café there are a. kosher bacon as well as mezze and other delicacies from Jewish or Middle Eastern cuisine. The café resembles the coffee houses in Israel and as there were many in Grindel in the past.
An important chronicler of the Jewish history of the Grindelviertel was the publicist, painter and art educator Arie Goral-Sternheim, who died in 1996 .
See also Eimsbüttel district - center of Jewish life in Hamburg
District culture
Two of the most famous Hamburg cinemas are located in the district. The Abaton , which opened in 1970 at today's Allende-Platz with high artistic and political standards, is considered the first arthouse cinema in Germany. Films and film series are shown a bit apart from the usual multiplex popcorn cinema.
Grindelberg was the Grindelwald (: officially Grindelwald-UFA Palace ) with one of the larger rooms in the city (653 places). It was opened as a premiere cinema in 1959 and was one of the few cinemas in Germany that could show the extremely wide Cinerama format with three projectors. Numerous German and European premieres were celebrated in the Grindel. Among other things, the film Doctor Zhivago ran for several years . After a three-year trial phase, mainly English original versions have been shown in Grindel since 2005. The Grindelkino had taken over the function of the former city cinema on Steindamm, which was closed on July 31, 2001.
After a change of investors, the Grindel had its last presentation on March 26, 2008 and was demolished from February to April 2009, except for the foyer.
In addition, the Grindelviertel is home to the Hamburger Kammerspiele , the Zoological Museum and the University's Mineralogical Museum . Live music has been a tradition at the Logo music club since 1974.
Various exhibitions in the rooms of the State Library regularly complement the cultural offerings of the district.
Parks
The Moorweide is a popular starting point for demonstrations and balloon rides .
The Planten un Blomen park is located south of the Grindelviertel . The Sternschanzenpark lies in a south-westerly direction .
The Von-Melle-Park (named after Werner von Melle ) is located in the center of the district and is the main campus of the University of Hamburg . The area integrates itself with concrete elements and little green space as a modern park between the university buildings. To the east, the listed Audimax borders the facility.
traffic
Transportation
The district can be reached via Grindelallee using Metrobus lines 4 and 5 with the city center (main station, town hall and Jungfernstieg) as well as Eimsbüttel, Hoheluft, all the way to Stellingen and Niendorf. The underground line U1 runs from Hallerstraße . The Metrobus line 15 also connects the Grindelviertel with the Sternschanze, Altona and the Elbe suburbs . The Dammtor station is served by various lines of the S-Bahn, regional traffic and ICE or EC long-distance traffic and can be reached on foot in a few minutes.
According to the zoning plan, the construction of another underground line is still planned. The "U5" is to unthread the U1 at Stephansplatz and then run under Grindelallee over Hoheluftbrücke to Siemersplatz and thus follows the route of today's Metrobus line 5. However, this plan dates from the 1970s and a realization in the next few years is due to the tense Hamburg's financial situation is unlikely.
The course of Metrobus line 5 is discussed in older and now current plans, which the SPD Senate has rejected again since 2011, as a branch of the possible light rail network . It is unclear whether and when these plans will be concretized.
Bicycle traffic
By Hamburg standards, the volume of bicycle traffic in the Grindelviertel is above average. In the Grindelviertel there are three (of eight (as of 2013)) street sections in Hamburg that are designated as cycle streets . In the course of the slide, Veloroute 3 runs between the city center and Lokstedt - Niendorf . The Rotherbaum-Dammtor bicycle station is located at the university, with a bicycle parking garage, bicycle rental and repair service. There are currently two StadtRAD stations, including the one most heavily used in Hamburg, in Grindel. In the Grindelviertel there are numerous Hamburg bicycle sheds , but also numerous bicycles parked in the wild.
literature
- Arie Goral-Sternheim : In the shadow of the synagogue . 2nd extended new edition, Hamburg 1994.
- Axel Schildt : The Grindel skyscrapers. A social history of the first German high-rise residential complex Hamburg-Grindelberg 1945-1956 . Hamburg 1988. ISBN 3767210371
- Ursula Wamser / Wilfried Weinke (eds.): A vanished world: Jewish life on the Grindel . Revised and expanded new edition Hamburg 2006. ISBN 3-934920-98-5
- Ursula Randt : The Talmud Tora School in Hamburg 1805-1942. ISBN 3-93790-407-7 .
- Karin Guth: Bornstrasse 22 ISBN 3-935549-06-7
- Lange, Alissa: The Jewish history of today's Catholic student residence Franziskus-Kolleg in Hamburg in the 19th century, Hamburg University Press, Hamburg 2008. The Jewish old people's home on Grindel
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Neddermeyer, FH, on the statistics and topography of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and its territories, Verlag Hoffmann and Campe, 1847, pages 74-75: "In 1310, a border comparison was concluded between the Jungefernthale monastery and the Hamburg council (printed at Klefeker X.98 where armdel is wrong instead of Grindel) (...) The area was still covered with forest in the 14th century, as the Grindel bears the name nemus Gryndel in a document dated March 28, 1382. "
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ PDF at www.dighamburg.de
- ↑ U. Pfündner: tour of the former Jewish quarter. In: Hohenfelder and Uhlenhorster Rundschau, 3/2015, p. 7.
- ↑ The planned destination network of the tram ( memento of the original from January 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from October 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 53 ° 34 ' N , 9 ° 59' E