Great cartilage

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Great cartilage
Cartilage (Polycnemum majus), illustration

Cartilage ( Polycnemum majus ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Polycnemoideae
Tribe : Polycnemeae
Genre : Cartilage Herbs ( Polycnemum )
Type : Great cartilage
Scientific name
Polycnemum majus
A. Brown

The great cartilaginous herb ( Polycnemum majus ) is a species of the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). It is common in Europe and Western Asia.

description

The cartilage grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 25 cm. The roots reach a depth of 75 cm. It is branched from the base with thick, stiff branches. The tufted, heaped leaves are 10 to 20 mm long, sub-needle-shaped and prickly. They are rounded at the back.

The flowers sit individually in the axilla of a bract , which is significantly longer than the flowers. The two lateral, dry-skinned bracts are one and a half to twice as long as the flowers. The inconspicuous flowers are hermaphroditic. The inflorescence consists of five dry-skinned tepals that are 2 to 2.5 mm long. The flowering period extends from July to September.

The fruit remains enclosed by the flower cover. The black and clearly grained seed has a diameter of about 1.5 to 2 mm. The ring-shaped embryo surrounds the nutrient tissue.

Great cartilage, herbal specimen

Photosynthetic pathway

Like all Polycnemum species, cartilage is a C 3 plant .

Occurrence and endangerment

The great cartilaginous herb is widespread in Europe and West Asia . As a neophyte it also occurs in the northeast of the USA and in southeastern Canada .

It grows in grain fields, on rubble sites, in fallow land or in gaps in dry grass . In Germany it is considered to be a heat-loving species of the Caucalidion or Sisymbrion plant communities .

Cartilage is rare in Germany and is considered to be critically endangered ( Red List of Endangered Species 2).

Taxonomy

The first publication of Polycnemum majus was made in 1841 by Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun in Flora , 24 (10), S. 151st

Synonyms of Polycnemum majus A.Braun are Polycnemum arvense subsp. majus (A. Braun) Briq. and Polycnemum majus subsp. mediterraneum (Beck) E. Wulff .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 96 Polycnemum majus .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . Stuttgart, Ulmer, 5th ed. 1983. Polycnemum majus on pp. 338–339.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Thomas Borsch, Kurt Weising & Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Amaranthaceae and Chenopodiaceae and the evolution of C 4 photosynthesis . In: International Journal of Plant Sciences , Volume 164 (6), 2003, pp. 959-986. [1]
  2. ↑ Polycnemum majus at BiolFlor .
  3. ↑ Entry at USDA PLANTS .
  4. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  340 .
  5. ↑ Great Cartilage. In: FloraWeb.de.
  6. ↑ Polycnemum majus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ^ Pertti Uotila, 2011: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore) . - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Polycnemum majus entry at Euro + Med Plantbase .

Web links

Commons : Greater Cartilage ( Polycnemum majus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files