Gustav Havemann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gustav Havemann (born March 15, 1882 in Güstrow ; † January 2, 1960 in Schöneiche ) was a German violinist and from 1933 to 1935 head of the "Reichsmusikerschaft" in the Reichsmusikkammer .

Life

Gustav Havemann (around 1915). Photo by Hugo Erfurth

He first learned to play the violin from his father, the military musician Johann Havemann. Even before he went to school, he performed in a concert. After his father's death, he received further training from the husband of his sister Frieda, music director Ernst Parlow, the son of Albert Parlow , and Bruno Ahner, and he played at the court orchestra in Schwerin before he went to the Berlin University of Music in 1898 , where one his important teacher was Joseph Joachim . From 1900 he was concert master in Lübeck, in 1905 court concert master in Darmstadt and Hamburg, in 1911 he became a teacher at the Leipzig Conservatory and from 1915 to 1921 he was concert master at the Dresden court opera. After the death of Henri Petri he became the first violinist of the Dresden String Quartet of the Royal Chapel (former Petri Quartet ). In 1914 his son Wolfgang Havemann was born, who later was active in the anti-fascist resistance organization Rote Kapelle . In 1916 he was awarded the Order for Art and Science of Mecklenburg-Strelitz . From 1921 to 1945 he held a professorship at the Berlin University, from 1951 to 1959 he taught at the German University of Music in Berlin (GDR).

In the early 1920s he founded the Havemann string quartet with Georg Kühnau, Hans Mahlke and Adolf Steiner and gave concerts internationally. The repertoire ranged from classic to modern, such as pieces by Alban Berg (?) String Quartet op. 3 on August 2, 1923) or Alois Hába . After Georg Kühnau left the quartet in 1931, the now so-called Havemann Trio played Adolf Brunner's string trio in Coburg on June 7 of the same year. In 1925 Havemann was a member of the Novembergruppe artists' association .

The violinist Bertha Havemann, b. Fuchs (1892 - 1931) was Havemann's student in Darmstadt and his second wife in 1913 in Keitum on Sylt. By 1921 four children were born in this marriage. Bertha Fuchs was the daughter of the later Lord Mayor of Jena, Theodor Fuchs.

In 1931 Havemann married his third wife, Ingeborg Harnack, who was recently divorced from the artist Johannes Ilmari Auerbach and 22 years his junior, and the sister of the later resistance fighters Arvid and Falk Harnack . Havemann was a member of the ethnically -minded, anti-Semitic combat alliance for German culture . In 1932 he joined the NSDAP ( membership number 1,179,504). There were frequent arguments with his brother-in-law Arvid Harnack because of Havemann's "conviction of Hitler's mission". From 1932 to 1935 Havemann directed the Berlin Kampfbund Orchestra he founded, which in 1934 was renamed the Landesorchester des Gaues Berlin .

After the " seizure " of the Nazis , he wrote on 2 April 1933, the German concert donors covenant. "The Militant League for German Culture will know how to prevent that somehow Jewish influence in the musical life of Germany remains" In addition, he worked intensively on the DC circuit of the German Musical life, especially since he became a member of the Presidential Council of the Reich Music Chamber in November 1933 . After the death of the Reich President Paul von Hindenburg , in August 1934 he was one of the signatories of the call by cultural workers for a “ referendum ” on the merger of the Reich President and Reich Chancellery. It was also listed in Das Deutsche Führerlexikon , an official handbook for Nazi celebrities from 1934.

According to a diary entry made by Joseph Goebbels on July 5, 1935, however, he had Havemann deposed on that day: “ Havemann deposed because of a statement for Hindemith . "And then enter it into the list of music Bolsheviks of the Nazi cultural community .

Another account of the incidents says that Havemann was by no means deposed by Goebbels. After Havemann had campaigned not only for Hindemith, but also for musicians of Jewish origin who, much to his annoyance, had been removed from his orchestra and replaced by party-conforming, second-rate musicians, in 1935 he was furious and threw his "office" at Joseph Goebbels' feet to have. Since this was not allowed to be made public, the next day the Propaganda Minister had the version published in the newspapers that Havemann had been removed from office due to incompetence (similar wording).

According to yet another version, Gustav Havemann resigned from the Reichsmusikkammer in February 1936 with the official reason that this was “in no way defamatory, but purely objective”. The comment had become necessary because Havemann had been accused of alcoholism. His commitment to Hindemith had previously been fatal to Wilhelm Furtwängler .

From 1942 Havemann wrote various articles for the Goebbels-controlled Nazi magazine Das Reich .

Havemann has taught at the Cottbus Music School since 1950, and at the East Berlin University of Music since 1951 . He died on January 2, 1960 in Schöneiche near Berlin.

Works

Havemann wrote a violin concerto, op. 3 (1939) and published several violin didactic works:

  • "What a violinist needs to know" (1921)
  • "The violin technique to completion" (1928)

literature

  • Arthur Eaglefield Hull, Alfred Einstein: The new music lexicon: after the Dictionary of modern music and musicians (translated by Alfred Einstein); M. Hesse, Leipzig 1926
  • Music and Society (published by the Association of German Composers and Musicologists, Association of Composers and Musicologists of the GDR). P. 99. Henschel Verlag, 1960
  • Hans Coppi, Jürgen Danyel, Johannes Tuchel: The Red Chapel in the Resistance to National Socialism ; S. 117. Edition Hentrich, Berlin 1994. ISBN 3-894681-10-1
  • Dümling, Albrecht: The rise and fall of the violinist Gustav Havemann - an artist between the avant-garde and Nazism ; in: Dissonance No. 47, pp. 9-14. Basel, February 1996
  • Heinze, Rainer: Gustav Havemann - concert master and teacher. In: Güstrower Jahrbuch 1997 (p. 88) Laumann Verlag GmbH, Dülmen 1997. ISBN 3-874662-71-3
  • Stefan Roloff, Mario Vigl: The Red Orchestra: the resistance group in the Third Reich and the history of Helmut Roloff ; Ullstein, 2002
  • Max Rostal: Violin - Keys - Experiences, Memories, with an autobiographical text by Leo Rostal , Ries & Erler, Berlin, 2007
  • Shareen Blair Brysac: Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra , pp. 74 and 146. Oxford University Press, USA 2002. ISBN 9780195152401
  • Schenk, Dietmar: The Berlin University of Music: Prussian Conservatory between Romantic Classicism and New Music, 1869-1932 / 33 , p. 118. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004. ISBN 3-515083-28-6

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dietmar Schenk: The Berlin University of Music , p. 118
  2. ↑ Dr. Wolfgang Havemann: Havemann family estate . Manuscr. Dresdensis App. 2475 A - D. Saxon State Library, Dresden 1988.
  3. ↑ Shareen Blair Brysac: Resisting Hitler - Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra , S. 146
  4. ↑ Shareen Blair Brysac, p 146
  5. ↑ a b c d e Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , pp. 224-225.
  6. ↑ Axel Jockwer: Popular music in the Third Reich , PDF, University of Konstanz
personal data
SURNAME Havemann, Gustav
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German violinist and head of the Reich Chamber of Music
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Guestrow
DATE OF DEATH 2nd January 1960
Place of death Beautiful oak