Gustav Kraft

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Eduard Friedrich Gustav force (* 18th August 1823 in Clausthal ; † 9. January 1898 in Hannover ) was a German forester, who most recently as chief forester in the Prussian province Hanover was active and in the 1880s many years influential writings on thinning published. A classification system for existing trees was named after him (Kraft tree classes 1–5).

Life and effect

Gustav Kraft was born in a forest house in the Upper Harz Mountains. He completed his education at the Clausthaler Gymnasium . After undergoing the practical, forestry training prescribed in the Kingdom of Hanover , first with his father and then with the then forester and later forestry director Heinrich Christian Burckhardt in Landwehrhagen , he attended the Hanover Forest School in Münden from 1845 to 1847 . In addition to Burckhardt, the forester Otto Ludwig Wißmann (1813–1877) was one of his teachers there. He finished his academic training in 1850/51 at the University of Göttingen , where he attended the subjects of mathematics and natural sciences, whose exams he passed with distinction.

Kraft's entire career in the Prussian civil service was devoted to forestry in Hanover, stations of his work were Uslar , Bovenden , Dassel and Misburg , before he was appointed chief forester of the government in Hanover in 1885, a position he held until his retirement in 1892 . The idea of ​​a social position of the tree in the structure, in connection with the degree of its canopy formation, and the subdivision into the five main classes predominant (1), dominant (2), minor co-dominant (3 ), developed in his book Theory of Thinning , published in 1884 ), dominated (4) and completely subordinate (5) trees (originally used term: trunks) were adopted as the basis for systematic thinning studies by forestry teaching institutions in numerous countries.

Fonts (selection)

  • Contributions to forest water science , 1863
  • The origins of theodolite measurement , 1863
  • Heinrich Burckhardt, a picture of life , 1880
  • On the practice of forest value calculation and forest statics , 1882
  • Contributions to the theory of thinning, field positions and clearing cuts , 1884
  • Contributions to the forest growth calculation and the theory of the Weiser Percentage , 1885
  • Contributions to the forest statics and forest value calculation , 1887
  • Contributions to the question of thinning and clearing , 1889
  • About the relationship between the soil expectancy value and forest management work to the net yield theory , 1890

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Chief Forester Gustav Kraft †. In: Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt. April 1898, Retrieved April 17, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Peter Bachmann: Professorship of Forest Management and Forest Growth ETH Zurich Script: Prof. Dr. Peter Bachmann: Forest growth I / II. In: wsl.ch. 2008, accessed April 17, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Which Kraft tree classes are there and what is this subdivision used for? In: repetico.de. Retrieved April 17, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Kraft, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kraft, Eduard Friedrich Gustav (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forest scientist
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1823
PLACE OF BIRTH Clausthal
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1898
Place of death Hanover