Gustav Speth

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Gustav Speth ( Russian Густав Густавович Шпет, based on a German transcription Gustav Gustavovich Schpet ; born April 7, 1879 in Kiev , Russian Empire ; † November 16, 1937 in Tomsk , Russian SFSR , USSR) was a Russian philosopher , psychologist and translator with German Root.

Life

Gustav Speth was the illegitimate son of an officer from Austria-Hungary ; the mother came from an impoverished aristocratic family of Polish- German origin. Speth separated from his father's Kotschisch family name and adopted his mother's. He studied both at the Kiev Higher School of Mathematics and Physics. When Bolshevik forces began to overthrow the regime in the tsarist empire, Speth took part in this revolution and was eventually arrested and sentenced. After his release from prison, he continued his studies, took part in the psychology seminar of GI Chelpanov.

The first published work by Gustav Speth in this area appeared under the name монография Проблема причинности у Юма и Канта (1907) ( German: The Monograph - The Problem of Causality by Hume and Kant). From 1907 to 1910 he taught at Moscow University and the Schanjawski - People's University . From 1910 to 1911 he worked at the University of Göttingen, attended the lectures of the German philosopher and mathematician Edmund Husserl . The book Явление и смысл (1914) (Eng. The Phenomenon and Meaning) represents a so-called phenomenological point in time in Gustav Speth's life . The work offered critical analyzes of Husserl's ideas on pure phenomenology and phenomenological philosophy.

In 1916, Speth defended his dissertation at Moscow University with the working title История как проблема логики ( Eng . History as a problem of logic). From 1917 he published the philosophical yearbook Мысль и слово ( Eng . Thought and Word), which contained a number of his outstanding works: u. a. - Мудрость или разум (dt. Wisdom and intelligence), Скептик и его душа (dt. The skeptic and his mind). In 1918 his main work Герменевтика и ее проблемы ( Eng . Hermeneutics and its problems) followed.

In the years after the revolution, Gustav Speth took part in work in the so-called Linguistic Association of Moscow. His ideas influenced R. Jakobson, R. Schor and others. In 1921 he was expelled from Moscow University. He maintained secret contact, which should be related to his work Этнографический кабинет ( Eng . The Ethnographic Study). Essays followed . From 1923 to 1929 Speth worked on the further development of philosophy at the Russian Academy of Fine Arts.

In his last years Gustav Speth worked on translations. He dealt with the works of Dickens , Byron , Shakespeare , Hegel and others. In 1935 he was arrested and exiled to Yenisseisk in Siberia . Then he landed in Tomsk. He was shot there on November 16, 1937.

Gustav Speth invented a direction in philosophy, which he gave the name положительная философия ( Eng . About - the optimistic philosophy).